Cocle: An Archaeological Study of Central Panama. Part I. Historical Background: Excavations at the Sitio Conte: Artifacts and Ornaments

1938 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
L. E. J. ◽  
Samuel Kirkland Lothrop
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Central Panama

Aplikasi Maslahah Ke Atas Pensyaratan Pelaksanaan Haji Atau Umrah Melalui Agensi Pengelola

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mat Jubri Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Right ◽  
Responsible Party

Ibadah Haji adalah rukun Islam kelima, manakala ibadah Umrah adalah salah satu ibadah yang sangat dituntut dalam Islam. Kedua-dua ibadah ini adalah hak Allah ke atas setiap muslim yang berkemampuan, dan dari sudut yang lain ia juga merupakan hak semua muslim untuk melakukannya. Memandangkan pelaksanaan kedua-dua ibadah ini melibatkan aspek-aspek yang pelbagai seperti keselamatan dan kesihatan, maka pihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam menguruskannya telah meletakkan beberapa syarat tambahan, di samping syarat-syarat yang telah diletakkan oleh Syarak. Antara syarat-syarat tambahan ini ialah, larangan mengerjakan haji atau umrah tanpa melalui agensi pengelola yang sah. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai syarat larangan ini dari sudut syarak, dengan menekankan aspek kemaslahatan dan kemudaratan. Kajian ini mengandungi tiga perbahasan utama, dengan perbahasan pertamanya menjurus kepada pengenalan tajuk kajian dan pengertian beberapa istilah yang digunakan. Perbahasan kedua pula menyoroti latar belakang hukum larangan ini, manakala perbahasan ketiga membincangkan penilaian hukum larangan tersebut menurut konsep Maslahah. Kajian ini akan menggunakan metod kualitatif dengan menjadikan kaedah-kaedah syarak secara umumnya dan konsep Maslahah secara khususnya sebagai sandaran dalam menilai sejauh mana larangan mengerjakan Haji dan Umrah tanpa melalui agensi pengelola menepati Syarak. Abstract: Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, while Umrah is considered among the highly encouraged deeds in Islam. Both worships are considered as the right of Allah upon every Muslim who are able to perform them while every Muslim has the right to go to Hajj and Umrah. Considering that, the practice of these worships involves various aspects such as security and health, the responsible party has imposed additional conditions to those who are willing to perform Hajj or Umrah including to use an operating agencies, which are recognized by the Saudi government. This study aimed to evaluate condition of restriction in the view of Shariah, by emphasizing the comparison between Maslahah (interest) and Mafsadah (harm). This study consists of three main discussions, which focuses on defining the terminologies, highlights the historical background of this restriction, and discusses the Islamic ruling of this restriction based on the concept of Maslahah. This study relies on the qualitative method by utilizing the concept of Maslahah in evaluating this restriction.

Reconstruction Of Urban Parks Of Culture And Rest Of The Soviet Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The City

This article analyzes the main problems of urban public spaces, because today public spaces can determine the future of cities. It is noted that parks are multifunctional public spaces in the urban environment, as they are an important element of the citywide system of landscaping and recreation, perform health, cultural, educational, aesthetic and environmental functions. The article notes that the need for easily accessible and well-maintained urban parks remains, however, the state of parks in many cities of Russia remains unsatisfactory, requiring reconstruction. A brief historical background of the Park of Culture and Rest of the Soviet period in Omsk is expounded, the analysis of the existing territory of the Park is presented. It is revealed that the Park, being the largest public space in Omsk, does not meet the requirements of modern urbanism, although it represents a great potential for designing the space for the purpose of recreation of citizens. Performed functional zoning scheme of the territory of the Park in question, where its division into functional areas destined for active recreational users of the Park is presented, considered the interests of senior citizens, people with limited mobility, etc. Reconstruction of Parks of the Soviet period can provide the city with additional recreational opportunities, as well as increase its tourist attractiveness.

First Insights on Peruvian Luxury Consumers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-712
Author(s):  
Anne-Flore Maman Larraufie ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Analytic Process ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Peru is an emerging country showing strong potential for future luxury developments. It already holds luxury regular consumers, mainly in the Lima capital. However, it is currently approached in a standardized process by luxury firms, following what is done in other emerging markets for luxury. To be efficient, it is necessary to get more knowledge about Peruvian consumers. This is what this article aims at. After reviewing the historical background of the country along with its cultural dimensions, we present results from a two-stage analytic process based on data collected from secondary sources and interviews with consumers. We derive from that practical recommendations for luxury managers and propose some research questions and hypotheses to be further explored and tested.

Historical Background of Cuddapah District

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Mure Vijaya Kumar Reddy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background

Mikroalgák mint természetes hatóanyagforrások

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (18) ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Gábor Vasas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Microalgal Species

Abstract: More than 90% of herbal products and herbal medicines have been derived from higher plants recently, but due to independent circumstances, several photosynthetic microalgal species are in focus in this point of view. In the last 50 years, many carbohydrate-, peptide-, terpenoid-, alkaloid- and phenol-type components were described from algae because of the developing structural determination and analytical methods, algae mass production and also artificial algae technologies. At the same time, based partly on traditional causes and partly on the clinical and preclinical data of today, some dried products of algae are directly used as food supplements. Hereinafter, the historical background, economic significance and metabolic background of the mostly used microalgal species will be reviewed. The diverse metabolite production of these organisms will be demonstrated by some molecules with special bioactivity. Several preclinical and clinical studies will be described relating to the microalgal species Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp., Haematococcus sp. and Dunaliella sp. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 703–708.

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