A Case Study on Salmonella enteritidis (SE) Origin at Three Egg-Laying Farms and Its Control with an S. enteritidis Bacterin

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yamane ◽  
Joan D. Leonard ◽  
Rieko Kobatake ◽  
Naoko Awamura ◽  
Yukiko Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Egg Laying

scholarly journals Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Johana Goyes Vallejos ◽  
Karim Ramirez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Mortality Causes

Causes of embryonic mortality in Espadarana prosoblepon (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica. Members of the family Centrolenidae—commonly known as “glass frogs”—exhibit arboreal egg-laying behavior, depositing their clutches on riparian vegetation. Few studies have investigated specific causes of mortality during embryonic stages, perhaps the most vulnerable stage during the anuran life cycle. The Emerald Glass Frog, Espadarana prosoblepon, was used as a case study to investigate the causes of embryonic mortality in a species with short-term (i.e., less than 1 day) parental care. The specific sources of mortality of eggs of E. prosoblepon were quantified and overall rates of survival (hatching success) were estimated. Nineteen egg clutches were transferred from permanent outside enclosures to the wild. Clutch development was monitored daily until hatching; five mortality causes were quantified: desiccation, failure to develop, fungal infection, predation, and “rain-stripped.” The main causes of mortality were predation (often by katydids and wasps) and embryos stripped from the leaf during heavy rains. The results were compared to those of previous studies of centrolenids exhibiting parental care, and discussed in the context of the importance of the natural history data for these frogs with regard to understanding the evolutionary history of parental care in glass frogs.

scholarly journals Plasmid analysis ofSalmonella enteritidisisolated from human gastroenteritis cases and from epidemiologically associated poultry flocks

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Dorn ◽  
R. Silapanuntakul ◽  
E. J. Angrick ◽  
L. D. Shipman
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fragment Pattern ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Commercial Flock ◽  
Restriction Fragment Pattern ◽  
Human Infections

SummaryPlasmid analysis ofSalmonella enteritidisisolates from human gastroenteritis cases and from two commercial egg-producing poultry flocks was performed to determine if the poultry flocks were the source of the human infections. The plasmid profile and restriction fragment pattern (fingerprint) of fiveS. enteritidisisolates from human cases matched those of nine isolates from internal organs of egg-laying hens in one flock which was the source of eggs consumed by the cases. Another commercial flock was epidemiologically associated as the source of eggs consumed by affected persons in four separate gastroenteritis outbreaks from whichS. enteritidisisolates were available. FiveS. enteritidisisolates from human cases in these four outbreaks had the same profile and fingerprint, and they all matched those of the 24 isolates from hens in this flock. These results provide further documentation of egg-borne transmission ofS. enteritidisto humans.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 1B associated with frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes, Finland 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 2727-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HUUSKO ◽  
A. PIHLAJASAARI ◽  
S. SALMENLINNA ◽  
J. SÕGEL ◽  
I. DONTŠENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn August to October 2012, a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phase type (PT) 1B with 53 cases occurred in Finland. Hypothesis generating interviews pointed toward ready-to-eat chicken salad from a Finnish company and at the same time Estonian authorities informed of a S. enteritidis PT 1B outbreak linked to chicken wrap prepared at an Estonian restaurant. We found that chicken salad was associated with the infection (odds ratio (OR) 16·1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7–148·7 for consumption and OR 17·5. 95% CI 4·0–76·0 for purchase). The frozen pre-cooked chicken cubes used in Finnish salad and in Estonian wraps were traced back to a production plant in China. Great Britain made two Rapid Alert Systems for Food and Feed notifications on chicken cubes imported to the UK from the same Chinese production plant. Microbiological investigation confirmed that the patient isolates in Estonia and in Finland were indistinguishable from the strains isolated from chicken cubes in Estonia and in the UK. We recommend that despite certificates for tested Salmonella, food items should be analyzed when Salmonella contamination in outbreak investigations is suspected. In outbreak investigations, electronically implemented case–case study saves time, effort, and money compared with case–control study.

scholarly journals Testing for congruence between the oviposition behaviour of leaf-mining insects and the degree of phylogenetic relatedness among either mining species or hosts species: a case study within the mining moth genus Phyllonorycter (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Leaf Mining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Tree Species ◽  
Respective Host

In leaf-mining insects, the oviposition behaviour is especially critical for the welfare of the future brood, the latter being usually doomed to develop entirely within the host-leaf selected for egg-laying by the ovipositing females. As, moreover, oviposition behaviour in leaf miners depends upon the taxonomic identities of both the mining-insect and the host, one can thus speculate that the patterns of oviposition behaviour of different leaf-mining species could be more or less congruent with either the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of the leaf-mining species themselves or the degree of phylogenetic relatedness of their respective host-species. Here, I test successively these two hypotheses – the “miners phylogenetic relatedness” hypothesis and the “hosts phylogenetic relatedness” hypothesis – by addressing a system insect-plant involving four mining moth species (all four belonging to the genus Phyllonorycter) and the three corresponding host-tree species, all included within the family Betulaceae. It turns out that, for this system at least, neither of the two previous hypotheses is actually supported. Possible reasons for this double rejection are discussed accordingly.

scholarly journals Would Mothers Relax Their Degree of Selectivity for Supports Suitable for Egg-Laying When the Local Density of Conspecific Females Increases? A Case Study with Three Common Lepidopteran Leaf Miners

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Leaf Miners ◽  
Leaf Mining

Selecting suitable supports for egg-laying, among host species and host individuals, as well as between leaves of various qualities within a preferred host, is a major component of prehatching maternal care in herbivore insects. This feature is especially important for those species having a tightly concealed larval stage, such as leaf miners. Yet, increasing density of neighbouring conspecific females may possibly induce ovipositing mothers to relax their degree of selectivity, so as to distribute their eggs more evenly among host leaves and reduce the risk of future scramble competition between larvae within a same leaf. We test this hypothetical prediction for three common leaf-mining moths: Phyllonorycter maestingella, Phyllonorycter esperella, and Tischeria ekebladella. The prediction was supported by none of the three tested species. This suggests that, in these tiny insect species, mothers are either unable to account for the local density of neighbouring conspecific females and/or they have no effective motivation to react accordingly. In addition, this also suggests that host individuals differing by the average quality of their leaves yet exert no differentiated attractivity towards mothers at a distance. In turn, this emphasizes the role of contingent factors in the patterns of spatial distribution of insects' densities.

The Occurrence and Distribution of Salmonella enteritidis and Other Serovars on California Egg Laying Premises: A Comparison of Two Sampling Methods and Two Culturing Techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Kinde ◽  
David M. Castellan ◽  
Philip H. Kass ◽  
Alex Ardans ◽  
Gregg Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Egg Laying

scholarly journals Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from the contents of intact eggs: a study involving naturally infected hens

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Humphrey ◽  
A. Baskerville ◽  
S. Mawer ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
S. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Egg Laying

SUMMARYTwo small flocks of egg-laying hens, naturally infected with Salmonella enteritidis. were housed in individual cages so that their eggs could be identified. During a longitudinal study where the contents of 1119 eggs were examined, 11 were positive for S. enteritidis. One isolate was phage type (PT) 33 the others were PT4. The production of infected eggs was clustered though intermittent. The positive eggs. which were produced by 10 of the 35 hens, were all found to contain fewer than 10 salmonellas. Some birds were also apparently carrying S. hadar PT14 as this organism was isolated from the contents of six Cracked eggs.

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