Field Observations of the Spawning Behavior of Stream Toads, Bufo torrenticola

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tsuji ◽  
Takeo Kawamichi
Keyword(s):  
Field Observations ◽  
Spawning Behavior

Field Observations on Courtship and Spawning Behavior of the Giant Sea Bass,Stereolepis gigas

Copeia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L. F. Clark ◽  
Larry G. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Bass ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Spawning Behavior

The Effects of Other Fish On the Reproductive Behavior of the Male Cyprinodon Variegatus (Pisces: Cyprinodontidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Itzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Cyprinodon Variegatus ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Field Situation ◽  
Aggressive Male

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of both inter- and intraspecific intruders on the reproductive behavior of Cyprinodon variegatus. Field observations suggested that the highly aggressive male Cyprinodon prefer to chase their own species, then Fundulus heteroclitus, followed by Lucania parva and Gambusia affinis last. In a series of laboratory experiments, in which dominant males were given various combinations of uni-specific and hetero-specific groups to chase, strong evidence was produced for the chase preferences predicted from field observations. The effects of intruders on the spawning behavior of the male were also recorded. In the field the female entered the male's territory, spawned an average of four times and then left. A female spent approximately 20 seconds in the male's territory. While other fish did interrupt spawning, only neighboring territorial males actually interfered physically. This interference occurred if the spawning pair ventured too close to the border (approximately seven cm). In the laboratory conspecific intruders significantly reduced both the number of spawns and the total duration of contacting (i.e., a side-by-side position of the pair, occurring just before spawning). These intruders also increased the probability of long spawning intervals following other long intervals. At the same time, intruders caused the pair to produce relatively more short intervals. Thus, when other Cyprinodon males were present, the pair had a tendency to perform a clustering of spawns which was separated by several long intervals. This resembled the field situation in which a female entered, spawned several times and quickly left. This study suggests that the effects of other interacting fish should be considered when analyzing reproductive behavior. The observation of laboratory fish in isolated pairs may produce misleading results as to the evolution and/or maintenance of behavior.

On Methodology for Designing Architectural Lighting of Production Site Interior

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Voronov ◽  
Nikolay I. Shchepetkov
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Production Site ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Architectural Lighting ◽  
Candidate Thesis

The article describes content of original and relevant but virtually forgotten thesis of V.V. Voronov on lighting of production site interiors by means of overhead natural (using three types of skylights) and artificial illumination, in order to elaborate scientific methodology for architectural design of more qualitative luminous environment on the basis of comprehensive approach and enhanced criteria framework of its evaluation using light engineering parameters. The thesis is unique in terms of the scope and quality of field and laboratory observations which are reflected not only in the text but also in the graphical attachments, namely photos, figures, schemes, drawings, charts, nomograms, and diagrams accompanied by specific measured or calculated parameters. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical basics and results of field observations conducted by different methods. This second part is the exposition of chapter 3 of the V.V. Voronov’s candidate thesis (1985). It describes the methodology for and the results of the experiments by means of planar and volumetric light simulation using the architectural lighting simulating assembly (chamber) which were conducted in MARKHI in 1970–1985.

Concerning the Concept of Light-Colour Arrangement of the Urban Environment in the Central Part of Tyumen

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Shchepetkov ◽  
Svetlana B. Kapeleva ◽  
Denis V. Bugaev ◽  
Gregory S. Matovnikov ◽  
Anna S. Kostareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The City

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of outdoor lighting in the central part of Tyumen (with consideration of conducted field observations) and prospects of its development on the basis of the general plan of illumination of the central part of the city being under design. Main provisions of this general plan as well as methodological principles and assessment criteria of design solutions illustrat-ed by photographs, schemes and visualisations of the illuminated objects are described.

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM BERBASIS INDUSTRI DI SMK MITRA INDUSTRI MM2100 CIKARANG - BEKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Bambang Nurcahyono ◽  
Rita Retnowati ◽  
Entis Sutisna
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Block System ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Dual Base

INDUSTRIAL BASED CURRICULUM IMPLEMETATION AT SMK MITRA INDUSTRI MM2100 CIKARANG-BEKASIThis study aims to obtain a fact-based picture in the form of data and information regarding the implementation of an industry-based curriculum at SMK Mitra Industri MM2100. This study uses a qualitative method, which is to make a complex and comprehensive picture with detailed descriptions from the eyes of the informants to produce a comprehensive exposure based on clear and real findings, events, processes and results related to the implementation of an industry-based curriculum. Data obtained through interviews, field observations and documentation studies. Based on data analysis, the following results are obtained: 1). The curriculum development model used at SMK Mitra Industri MM2100, is a model of curriculum development that is problem-centered by integrating several disciplines to form a concept of attitudes, skills and knowledge in accordance with the demands and needs of the industry which are oriented to the vision, mission and goals of the school. 2). The learning process at SMK Mitra Industri MM2100 uses a block system, which is designed to be oriented towards the merging of instruction and construction, so that the learning process approach refers to the dual base program to fully and fully cultivate industrial work patterns. 3). Challenges and obstacles in the implementation of industrial-based curriculum in SMK Mitra Industri MM2100 in the form of not wanting to change the principles of school/mental blockage, focusing on knowledge, school target is focus on graduation of students, not on the distribution of work at industries and bad networking with industry which can be overcome through socialization to all elements of the school and stakeholders involved.

FENG SHUI PADA TATA LETAK MASSA BANGUNAN DI KELENTENG SAM POO KONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Benedicta Sophie Marcella
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Feng Shui ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Building Layout ◽  
Heritage Building

Abstract: “Klenteng” is an Indonesian term for place of worship for Chinese traditional faiths in Indonesia. Sam Poo Kong temple is a heritage building located in Semarang. Chinese temple building is part of the China building architecture, thus Chinese temple apply the feng shui principals, so that people get the fortune, peace, and prosperity from the perfect balance with nature. In this research, to be conducted a review of the use of feng shui principles contained in the layout of the building mass. The research question that arises is "How the application of feng shui to the layout of the building mass in the Sam Poo Kong temple?" This research aims to determine the influence of feng shui contained in the layout of the building mass Sam Poo Kong temple in Semarang. This research use structuralizes qualitative methodology. Analysis process was done by comparing the theory of feng shui with field observations. The building layout, planes, and the filler elements apply the principles of feng shui and it has a good meaning, leads to happiness and welfare in life. Cultural influence of Islam, Buddhist, Hindu, and Chinese cultures convey the meaning and message to the user of the building, all for good purpose in human life. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that the meaning of the layout of the building mass on the Sam Poo Kong temple in accordance with feng shui theory and it brings prosperity.Keywords: feng shui, Sam Poo Kong Temple, the layout of the building massAbstrak: Kelenteng atau Klenteng adalah sebutan untuk tempat ibadah penganut kepercayaan tradisional Tionghoa di Indonesia pada umumnya. Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong merupakan bangunan cagar budaya yang terdapat di kota Semarang. Bangunan kelenteng termasuk dalam bangunan Cina, sehingga dalam tatanan bentuk bangunannya masih mempergunakan kaidah feng shui. Konsep feng shui adalah seni hidup dalam keharmonisan dengan alam, sehingga seseorang mendapatkan keuntungan, ketenangan, dan kemakmuran dari keseimbangan yang sempurna dengan alam. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dilakukan peninjauan penggunaan kaidah feng shui yang terdapat pada tata letak massa bangunannya. Pertanyaan penelitian yang muncul adalah “Bagaimana penerapan fengshui pada tata letak massa bangunan di kawasan Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong?” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh feng shui yang terdapat pada tata letak massa bangunan Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong di Semarang. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah strukturalis kualitatif. Proses analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan teori feng shui dengan hasil observasi lapangan. Tata letak massa bangunan menerapkan kaidah feng shui serta memiliki makna yang baik, mengarahkan pada kebahagiaan serta keselamatan dalam kehidupan. Pengaruh budaya Islam, Buddha, Hindu, serta Kebudayaan Cina telah bercampur, menyampaikan makna serta pesan kepada pengguna bangunan, semua untuk tujuan kebaikan dalam hidup manusia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tata letak massa bangunan pada kawasan Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong sesuai dengan feng shui aliran bentuk dan mendatangkan kebaikan.Kata Kunci: feng shui, Kelenteng Sam Poo Kong, tata letak massa bangunan

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