Behavioral Ontogeny in Free-Ranging Juvenile Male and Female Green Anoles, Anolis carolinensis, in Relation to Sexual Selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Lovern
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioral Ontogeny ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Effect of Self-reported Height on Occupational Rank Among Police Officers: Especially for Women it Pays to be Tall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Gert Stulp ◽  
Wilmar B. Schaufeli
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Similar Percentage ◽  
Average Population ◽  
Female Police Officers

AbstractThis study among 725 male and 247 female police officers from The Netherlands examined the association between self-reported height and occupational rank from the perspective of sexual selection. Male and female police officers were taller than the average population. A larger percentage of women than of men was found in the lowest ranks, but in the leadership positions, there was a similar percentage of women as of men. Overall, but especially among women, height was linearly associated with occupational rank: the taller one was, the higher one’s rank. These effects were independent of educational level and age. The implications for evolutionary theorizing from the perspective of sexual selection on the effect of tallness on status and dominance among women are discussed.

scholarly journals Evolutionary insight from a humble fly: sperm competition and the yellow dungfly

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1813) ◽  
pp. 20200062
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons ◽  
Geoff A. Parker ◽  
David J. Hosken
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Selection Theory ◽  
The 1960S

Studies of the yellow dungfly in the 1960s provided one of the first quantitative demonstrations of the costs and benefits associated with male and female reproductive behaviour. These studies advanced appreciation of sexual selection as a significant evolutionary mechanism and contributed to the 1970s paradigm shift toward individual selectionist thinking. Three behaviours in particular led to the realization that sexual selection can continue during and after mating: (i) female receptivity to remating, (ii) sperm displacement and (iii) post-copulatory mate guarding. These behaviours either generate, or are adaptations to sperm competition, cryptic female choice and sexual conflict. Here we review this body of work, and its contribution to the development of post-copulatory sexual selection theory. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fifty years of sperm competition’.

4. Sex roles and stereotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mating Competition ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Roles

‘Sex roles and stereotypes’ examines the notion, implicit in many of the original ideas about sexual selection, that males and females have natural ‘roles’ with characteristic behaviour associated with each sex. It also explores further the reasons behind deviations from the ‘typical’ sex roles in mate choice and in mating competition. Are there ‘standard’ male and female roles in both humans and other animal species? One version of sex roles holds that males are generally dominant and females submissive, stemming from the way that sexual selection favours different behaviours in each sex. This could mean that sexual selection dictates particular behaviours in males and females. But in fact, sexual behaviour is extraordinarily varied in nature.

scholarly journals Are hemipenial traits under sexual selection in Tropidurus lizards? Hemipenial development, male and female genital morphology, allometry and coevolution in Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Kennedy Soares De-Lima ◽  
Ingrid Pinheiro Paschoaletto ◽  
Lorena de Oliveira Pinho ◽  
Piktor Benmamman ◽  
Julia Klaczko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Genital Morphology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Validating a non-invasive technique for monitoring physiological stress in the samango monkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Scheun ◽  
Adrian S.W. Tordiffe ◽  
Kirsten Wimberger ◽  
Andre Ganswindt
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
Samango Monkey ◽  
Free Ranging

The non-invasive monitoring of physiological stress can provide conservation and wildlife managers with an invaluable tool for assessing animal welfare and psychological health of captive and free-ranging populations. A significant decrease in free-ranging primate populations globally and an increase in captive-housed primates have led to a need to monitor the stress and general welfare of these animals. We examined the suitability of three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for monitoring stress-related physiological responses in the samango monkey, Cercopithecus albogularis erythrarchus. We conducted an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenge on a male and female at the National Zoological Garden, Pretoria, South Africa. Individual faecal samples were collected 8 days pre- and post-ACTH administration and subsequently analysed for faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations. During the study, biological stressors occurred for both the male and female. Two of the three EIAs tested (11-oxoetiocholanolone I and II) were able to reliably monitor fGCM alterations throughout the study period in both sexes. The 11-oxoetiocholanolone I EIA, however, had the lowest mean deviation from the calculated baseline value and was thus chosen as the preferred assay. Both the physiological activation of the stress response and the biological response to a stressor could be monitored with the chosen assay. The successful establishment of a reliable, non-invasive method for monitoring adrenocortical activity in C. albogularis erythrarchus will now allow conservationists, scientific researchers and wildlife managers to evaluate the level of stress experienced, and general welfare, by animals in captivity as well as free-ranging populations.

Sex Difference and Postnatal Change of Maternal Behavioral Patterns in Juvenile Male and Female Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
Satoshi Shima ◽  
Aya Urano ◽  
Lajos Korányi ◽  
Korehito Yamanouchi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Postnatal Change

Differences in male and female cognitive abilities: Sexual selection or division of labor?

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Michael T. Ghiselin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Reproductive Competition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractIn Darwinian terminology, “sexual selection” refers to purely reproductive competition and is conceptually distinct from natural selection as it affects reproduction generally. As natural selection may favor the evolution of sexual dimorphism by virtue of the division of labor between males and females, this possibility needs to be taken very seriously.

scholarly journals Understanding sex differences in the cost of terrestrial locomotion

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1729) ◽  
pp. 826-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Lees ◽  
Robert L. Nudds ◽  
Lars P. Folkow ◽  
Karl-Arne Stokkan ◽  
Jonathan R. Codd
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Lagopus Muta ◽  
The Cost

Little is known regarding the physiological consequences of the behavioural and morphological differences that result from sexual selection in birds. Male and female Svalbard rock ptarmigans ( Lagopus muta hyperborea ) exhibit distinctive behavioural differences during the breeding season. In particular, males continuously compete for and defend territories in order to breed successfully, placing large demands on their locomotor system. Here, we demonstrate that male birds have improved locomotor performance compared with females, showing both a lower cost of locomotion (CoL) and a higher top speed. We propose that the observed sex differences in locomotor capability may be due to sexual selection for improved male performance. While the mechanisms underlying these energetic differences are unclear, future studies should be wary when pooling male and female data.

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