Scaling of Jumping Performance in Anuran Amphibians

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Choi ◽  
Jae Han Shim ◽  
Youn Sun Lee ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Anuran Amphibians

scholarly journals Independent pseudogenizations and losses of sox15 during amniote diversification following asymmetric ohnolog evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Ogita ◽  
Kei Tamura ◽  
Shuuji Mawaribuchi ◽  
Nobuhiko Takamatsu ◽  
Michihiko Ito
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertebrate Evolution ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Cns Development ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Relaxed Selection ◽  
Significant Sequence Similarity ◽  
Anuran Amphibians ◽  
Divergent Gene

Abstract Background Four ohnologous genes (sox1, sox2, sox3, and sox15) were generated by two rounds of whole-genome duplication in a vertebrate ancestor. In eutherian mammals, Sox1, Sox2, and Sox3 participate in central nervous system (CNS) development. Sox15 has a function in skeletal muscle regeneration and has little functional overlap with the other three ohnologs. In contrast, the frog Xenopus laevis and zebrafish orthologs of sox15 as well as sox1-3 function in CNS development. We previously reported that Sox15 is involved in mouse placental development as neofunctionalization, but is pseudogenized in the marsupial opossum. These findings suggest that sox15 might have evolved with divergent gene fates during vertebrate evolution. However, knowledge concerning sox15 in other vertebrate lineages than therian mammals, anuran amphibians, and teleost fish is scarce. Our purpose in this study was to clarify the fate and molecular evolution of sox15 during vertebrate evolution. Results We searched for sox15 orthologs in all vertebrate classes from agnathans to mammals by significant sequence similarity and synteny analyses using vertebrate genome databases. Interestingly, sox15 was independently pseudogenized at least twice during diversification of the marsupial mammals. Moreover, we observed independent gene loss of sox15 at least twice during reptile evolution in squamates and crocodile-bird diversification. Codon-based phylogenetic tree and selective analyses revealed an increased dN/dS ratio for sox15 compared to the other three ohnologs during jawed vertebrate evolution. Conclusions The findings revealed an asymmetric evolution of sox15 among the four ohnologs during vertebrate evolution, which was supported by the increased dN/dS values in cartilaginous fishes, anuran amphibians, and amniotes. The increased dN/dS value of sox15 may have been caused mainly by relaxed selection. Notably, independent pseudogenizations and losses of sox15 were observed during marsupial and reptile evolution, respectively. Both might have been caused by strong relaxed selection. The drastic gene fates of sox15, including neofunctionalization and pseudogenizations/losses during amniote diversification, might be caused by a release from evolutionary constraints.

scholarly journals Correction to: Eye‐body allometry across biphasic ontogeny in anuran amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Shrimpton ◽  
Jeffrey W. Streicher ◽  
David J. Gower ◽  
Rayna C. Bell ◽  
Matthew K. Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anuran Amphibians

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-021-10109-w

scholarly journals Morphological determinants of jumping performance in the Iberian green frog

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
Gregorio Moreno-Rueda ◽  
Abelardo Requena-Blanco ◽  
Francisco J Zamora-Camacho ◽  
Mar Comas ◽  
Guillem Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Limb Length ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Pelophylax Perezi

Abstract Predation is one of the main selective forces in nature, frequently selecting potential prey for developing escape strategies. Escape ability is typically influenced by several morphological parameters, such as morphology of the locomotor appendices, muscular capacity, body mass, or fluctuating asymmetry, and may differ between sexes and age classes. In this study, we tested the relationship among these variables and jumping performance in 712 Iberian green frogs Pelophylax perezi from an urban population. The results suggest that the main determinant of jumping capacity was body size (explaining 48% of variance). Larger frogs jumped farther, but jumping performance reached an asymptote for the largest frogs. Once controlled by structural body size, the heaviest frogs jumped shorter distances, suggesting a trade-off between fat storage and jumping performance. Relative hind limb length also determined a small but significant percentage of variance (2.4%) in jumping performance—that is, the longer the hind limbs, the greater the jumping capacity. Juveniles had relatively shorter and less muscular hind limbs than adults (for a given body size), and their jumping performance was poorer. In our study population, the hind limbs of the frogs were very symmetrical, and we found no effect of fluctuating asymmetry on jumping performance. Therefore, our study provides evidence that jumping performance in frogs is not only affected by body size, but also by body mass and hind limb length, and differ between age classes.

GENDER BIAS IN THE EFFECTS OF ARMS AND COUNTERMOVEMENT ON JUMPING PERFORMANCE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK S. WALSH ◽  
HARALD BÖHM ◽  
MICHELLE M. BUTTERFIELD ◽  
JABAKAR SANTHOSAM
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Jumping Performance

scholarly journals Population‐specific effects of developmental temperature on body condition and jumping performance of a widespread E uropean frog

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3115-3128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Drakulić ◽  
Heike Feldhaar ◽  
Duje Lisičić ◽  
Mia Mioč ◽  
Ivan Cizelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Specific Effects

The jugular body in anuran amphibians: Role in immunity

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zapata ◽  
A. Villena ◽  
B. Razquin ◽  
E.L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Anuran Amphibians

Effects on Performance of Variable Eccentric Loads during Depth Jumps

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Radcliffe ◽  
Louis R. Osternig
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Large Depth ◽  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Healing Tissue ◽  
Extreme Care

Seventy subjects were tested for (a) percent body weight controlled (lowered and raised) by the lower extremities via parallel squat exercise, (b) maximum vertical jump-reach, and (c) maximal depth jump-reach from six heights ranging from 0.30 to 1.05 m. The results suggest that maximum parallel squat performance represents a small proportion (8%) of the variance contributing to controlling increasing depth jump heights and that specific improvement in jumping performance may be achieved by relatively small amplitude prestretch movements rather than large depth jump heights. The implications of the present findings for the use of depth jumping in conditioning and rehabilitative protocols are that (a) extreme care must be exercised in selecting jump heights, as there is considerable variability in individual tolerance to a given height, and (b) depth jumping should be contraindicated in cases where high impulse loads can disrupt healing tissue and, if it is used in postinjury situations, should be reserved for the end phase of rehabilitation.

The Effect of Dropping Height on Jumping Performance in Trained and Untrained Prepubertal Boys and Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2258-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni I. Bassa ◽  
Dimitrios A. Patikas ◽  
Aikaterini I. Panagiotidou ◽  
Sophia D. Papadopoulou ◽  
Theofilos C. Pylianidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jumping Performance ◽  
Prepubertal Boys
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