Possible Extinction of the Wyoming Toad, Bufo hemiophrys baxteri

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Lewis ◽  
George T. Baxter ◽  
Kevin M. Johnson ◽  
Michael D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

Characterization of the spermiation response, luteinizing hormone release and sperm quality in the American toad (Bufo americanus) and the endangered Wyoming toad (Bufo baxteri)

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Obringer ◽  
Justine K. O'Brien ◽  
Robin L. Saunders ◽  
Kazutoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Sakae Kikuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
American Toad ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

Spermiation and LH release in response to several methods of LHRH administration were assessed in the American toad (Bufo americanus), and the most successful method was tested in the endangered Wyoming toad (Bufo baxteri). Specific objectives were to: (1) compare spermiation responses and plasma LH concentration after invasive and non-invasive LHRH treatments; (2) evaluate sperm production in response to different LHRH dosages; (3) characterize the timing of sperm release post LHRH treatment; and (4) assess sperm quality (motility, viability, morphology and acrosomal status). Male American toads were administered 4 g LHRH by one of four routes: (1) intraperitoneal injection (IP); (2) subcutaneous injection (SQ); (3) dorsal dermis absorption (DDA); and (4) ventral dermis absorption (VDA). Aspermic urine only was collected from saline-treated controls and DDA animals. Several VDA animals released spermic urine; however, all LHRH-injected toads released spermatozoa. IP animals produced higher sperm and LH concentrations than SQ animals. The spermiation response in animals treated IP with 1 g LHRH was similar to that in animals treated with 4 g, but lower LHRH dosages tested produced inferior responses. Sperm production in responsive animals increased over time during the 12-h sampling interval. Regardless of treatment, most American toad spermatozoa were motile, viable, and acrosome-intact. Endangered Wyoming toads were treated IP with 4 g LHRH, and spermic urine was collected. Although most spermatozoa were viable and acrosome-intact, a considerable percentage possessed structurally abnormal heads. A single IP injection of LHRH appears to be a reliable and safe method for controlling spermiation in toads and may be useful for assisting endangered amphibian propagation.

A complex Enrichment Diet improves growth and health in the endangered Wyoming toad (Bufo baxteri)

Zoo Biology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
M.J. Vaughan ◽  
R.K. Browne
Keyword(s):  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

The Status of the Wyoming Toad (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri)

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Baxter ◽  
Mark R. Stromberg ◽  
C. Kenneth Dodd
Keyword(s):  
The Status ◽  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

196 NONINVASIVE HORMONE MEASUREMENTS FOR GENDER IDENTIFICATION IN MONOMORPHIC ANURANS

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
B. A. Blevins ◽  
N. M. Loskutoff
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Dusky Gopher Frog ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Potential Tool

Noninvasive techniques have been successful in distinguishing gender in dimorphic amphibian models (Szymanski DC et al. 2006 Zoo Biol. 25, 35-46). The aim of this study was to assess gender-specific fecal hormone metabolite concentrations in 2 dimorphic and 2 monomorphic, critically endangered species of amphibians to assist in ex situ breeding efforts. Fecal samples from 2 dimorphic anurans, the Puerto Rican Crested Toad (Bufo lemur) and the Wyoming Toad (Bufo baxteri) and 2 monomorphic species, the Mountain Chicken Frog (Leptodactylus fallax) and the Dusky Gopher Frog (Lithobates sevosa) were measured by enzyme immunoassay for sex-specific hormone differences (Student’s t-test; P < 0.05) among 6 variables (concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T), and ratios of P:E2, T:E2, and P:T). Values are presented as means ± SEM. Mountain Chicken Frog samples were obtained from individuals of known sex. Dusky Gopher Frog samples were from confirmed females but males were presumed based on subtle physical characteristics. The E2 concentrations (ng g-1) were significantly higher in females than males (P < 0.05) in all species except for the Dusky Gopher Frog. However, males in all 4 species, including the presumptive Dusky Gopher Frog males, exhibited significantly higher P:E2 and T:E2 ratios than females. Additionally, Wyoming Toad and Mountain Chicken Frog females had significantly higher P:T ratios than males (0.19 ± 0.05 v. 0.06 ± 0.00 and 0.34 ± 0.03 v. 0.20 ± 0.02, respectively). Similar to the American Toad (Szymanski et al. 2006), presumptive Dusky Gopher Frog males measured significantly higher T concentrations compared with females (376.4 ± 118.5 ng g-1 v. 174.0 ± 23.1 ngg-1, respectively). Although species-specific differences are apparent, fecal hormone measurements can be used to identify sex in monomorphic species and offer a potential tool for the captive breeding of endangered anurans. Table 1.

Isolation and characterization of eight novel microsatellite loci in endangered Wyoming toad, Bufo baxteri

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee M. Martin ◽  
Connie L. Keeler-Foster ◽  
Kenneth G. Boykin ◽  
Gerard Zegers ◽  
Wade D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

scholarly journals THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE WYOMING TOAD, BUFO BAXTERI PORTER

1998 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hobart M. Smith ◽  
David Chiszar ◽  
Joseph T. Collins ◽  
Frank Van Breukelen
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Wyoming Toad ◽  
Toad Bufo

The population of toads in southeastern Wyoming named Bufo hemiophrys baxteri by Porter in 1968 is presumed to be extinct in nature, except perhaps for released, captive-bred specimens. It is sufficiently distinct in several respects, and sufficiently isolated geographically from its nearest rela- tive, B. h. hemiophrys, that it should be regarded as a distinct species, forming a superspecies group with B. hemiophrys.

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