The Influence of Light and Temperature on Diel Activity Rhythms in the Sand Boa, Eryx conicus

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Diel Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms

Pheromone-Mediated Diel Activity Rhythms of Male Asian Gypsy Moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Relation to Female Eclosion and Temperature

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ring T. Cardé ◽  
Ralph E. Charlton ◽  
William E. Wallner ◽  
Yuri N. Baranchikov
Keyword(s):  
Diel Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Gypsy Moths

scholarly journals Freezer on, lights off! Environmental effects on activity rhythms of fish in the Arctic

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 20170575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Hawley ◽  
Carolyn M. Rosten ◽  
Thrond O. Haugen ◽  
Guttorm Christensen ◽  
Martyn C. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Day Length ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Polar Day

Polar regions are characterized by acute seasonal changes in the environment, with organisms inhabiting these regions lacking diel photoperiodic information for parts of the year. We present, to our knowledge, the first high-resolution analysis of diel and seasonal activity of free-living fishes in polar waters (74°N), subject to extreme variation in photoperiod, temperature and food availability. Using biotelemetry, we tracked two sympatric ecomorphs of lake-dwelling Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus n = 23) over an annual cycle. Charr activity rhythms reflected the above-surface photoperiod (including under ice), with diel rhythms of activity observed. During the dark winter solstice period, charr activity became arrhythmic and much reduced, even though estimated light levels were within those at which charr can feed. When twilight resumed, charr activity ensued as diel vertical migration, which continued throughout spring and with increasing day length, despite stable water temperatures. Diel activity rhythms ceased during the polar day, with a sharp increase in arrhythmic fish activity occurring at ice-break. Despite contrasting resource use, circannual rhythms were mirrored in the two ecomorphs, although individual variability in activity rhythms was evident. Our data support conclusions of functionally adaptive periods of arrhythmicity in polar animals, suggesting maintenance of a circannual oscillator for scheduling seasonal behavioural and developmental processes.

Diverse Activity Rhythms in Sharks (Elasmobranchii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Kelly ◽  
Errol R. P. Murray ◽  
Caroline C. Kerr ◽  
Craig A. Radford ◽  
Shaun P. Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Spiny Dogfish ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Circadian Organization ◽  
Galeorhinus Galeus ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
Constant Dark

Sharks are an interesting group of vertebrates, as many species swim continuously to “ram” oxygen-rich seawater over their gills (ram ventilators), whereas other species “pump” seawater over their gills by manipulating buccal cavity volume while remaining motionless (buccal pumpers). This difference in respiratory physiology raises the question: What are the implications of these differences in lifestyle for circadian rhythms? We investigated the diel activity patterns of 5 species of sharks, including 3 ram ventilating species: the school shark ( Galeorhinus galeus), the spotted estuary smooth-hound ( Mustelus lenticulatus), and the spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias); and 2 buccal pumping species: the Port Jackson ( Heterodontus portusjacksoni) and draughtsboard ( Cephaloscyllium isabellum) sharks. We measured the amount, duration, and distance traveled while swimming over multiple days under a 12:12 light:dark light regime for all species and used modified light regimes for species with a clear diel rhythm in activity. We identified a surprising diversity of activity rhythms. The school shark and smooth-hound swam continuously; however, whereas the school shark swam at the same speed and covered the same distance during the day and night, the smooth-hound swam slower at night and traversed a shorter distance. A similar pattern was observed in the spiny dogfish, although this shark swam less overall. Both the Port Jackson and draughtsboard sharks showed a marked nocturnal preference for swimming. This pattern was muted and disrupted during constant light and constant dark regimes, although circadian organization of this pattern was maintained under certain conditions. The consequences of these patterns for other biological processes, such as sleep, remain unclear. Nonetheless, these 5 species demonstrate remarkable diversity within the activity rhythms of sharks.

scholarly journals Rain reverses diel activity rhythms in an estuarine teleost

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20122363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Payne ◽  
Dylan E. van der Meulen ◽  
Ruan Gannon ◽  
Jayson M. Semmens ◽  
Iain M. Suthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Trade Offs

Activity rhythms are ubiquitous in nature, and generally synchronized with the day–night cycle. Several taxa have been shown to switch between nocturnal and diurnal activity in response to environmental variability, and these relatively uncommon switches provide a basis for greater understanding of the mechanisms and adaptive significance of circadian (approx. 24 h) rhythms. Plasticity of activity rhythms has been identified in association with a variety of factors, from changes in predation pressure to an altered nutritional or social status. Here, we report a switch in activity rhythm that is associated with rainfall. Outside periods of rain, the estuarine-associated teleost Acanthopagrus australis was most active and in shallower depths during the day, but this activity and depth pattern was reversed in the days following rain, with diurnality restored as estuarine conductivity and turbidity levels returned to pre-rain levels. Although representing the first example of a rain-induced reversal of activity rhythm in an aquatic animal of which we are aware, our results are consistent with established models on the trade-offs between predation risk and foraging efficiency.

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