Organizational Change and Gender Equity: International Perspectives on Fathers and Mothers at the Workplace

Man has always tried to determine and tamper the image of woman and especially her identity is manipulated and orchestrated. Whenever a woman is spoken of, it is always in the relation to man; she is presented as a wife , mother, daughter and even as a lover but never as a woman a human being- a separate entity. Her entire life is idealized and her fundamental rights and especially her behaviour is engineered by the adherents of patriarchal society. Commenting on the Man-woman relationship in a marital bond Simone de Beauvoir wrote in her epoch-making book entitled The Second Sex(1949): "It has been said that marriage diminishes man, which is often true , but almost always it annihilates women". Feminist movement advocates the equal rights and equal opportunities for women. The true spirit of feminism is into look at women and men as human beings. There should not be gender bias or discrimination in familial and social life. To secure gender justice and gender equity is the key aspects of feminist movement. In India, women writers have come forward to voice their feminist approach to life and the patriarchal family set up. They believe that the very notion of gender is not only biotic and biologic episode but it has a social construction.

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Sex and gender differences in nutrition research: considerations with the transgender and gender nonconforming population

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/s12937-021-00662-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Whitney Linsenmeyer ◽

Jennifer Waters

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

The Body ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Nutrition Interventions ◽

Step Method ◽

Gender Nonconforming ◽

Nutrition Research ◽

Surveillance Programs ◽

And Gender

AbstractA sex- and gender-informed approach to study design, analysis and reporting has particular relevance to the transgender and gender nonconforming population (TGNC) where sex and gender identity differ. Notable research gaps persist related to dietary intake, validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, and nutrition interventions with TGNC populations. This is due in part to the conflation of sex and gender into one binary category (male or female) in many nutrition surveillance programs worldwide. Adoption of the Sex and Gender Equity In Research (SAGER) guidelines and the two-step method of querying sex and gender has the potential to exponentially increase the body of research related to TGNC health.

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Indirect Taxation and Gender Equity: Evidence from South Africa

Feminist Economics ◽

10.1080/13545701.2012.716907 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 25-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Daniela Maria Casale

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Gender Equity ◽

Indirect Taxation ◽

And Gender

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Equity implications of rice fortification: a modelling study from Nepal

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020001020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (15) ◽

pp. 2824-2839

Author(s):

Naomi M Saville ◽

Macharaja Maharjan ◽

Dharma S Manandhar ◽

Helen A Harris-Fry

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Gender Equity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Recall Data ◽

Consumption Data ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Household Heads ◽

And Gender

AbstractObjective:To model the potential impact and equity impact of fortifying rice on nutritional adequacy of different subpopulations in Nepal.Design:Using 24-h dietary recall data and a household consumption survey, we estimated: rice intakes; probability of adequacy (PA) of eight micronutrients commonly fortified in rice (vitamin A, niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), thiamin (B1), folate (B9), Fe and Zn) plus riboflavin (B2), vitamin C and Ca and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of these micronutrients. We modelled: no fortification; fortification of purchased rice, averaged across all households and in rice-buying households only. We compared adequacy increases between population subgroups.Setting:(i) Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal (24-h recall) and (ii) all agro-ecological zones of Nepal (consumption data).Participants:(i) Pregnant women (n 128), mothers-in-law and male household heads; (ii) households (n 4360).Results:Unfortified diets were especially inadequate in vitamins B12, A, B9, Zn and Fe. Fortification of purchased rice in rice-purchasing households increased PA > 0·9 for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and Zn, but B12 and Fe remained inadequate even after fortification (PA range 0·3–0·9). Pregnant women’s increases exceeded men’s for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and MPA; men had larger gains in vitamin A, B12 and Zn. Adequacy improved more in the hills (coefficient 0·08 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·10)) and mountains (coefficient 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·14)) but less in rural areas (coefficient −0·05 (95 % CI −0·09, −0·01)).Conclusions:Consumption of purchased fortified rice improves adequacy and gender equity of nutrient intake, especially in non-rice-growing areas.

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Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsy036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 1758-1767 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Steven W Purcell ◽

Watisoni Lalavanua ◽

Brian R Cullis ◽

Nicole Cocks

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Breath Hold ◽

Net Income ◽

Fuel Use ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Deep Water Species ◽

And Gender

Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net income of sea cucumbers to fishers, averaging FJ$8, 171 year−1 (US$4, 494 year−1) (range: FJ$0–52,008 year−1), varied among villages and was 47% lower for women than men. On an average, 60% of fishers’ gross annual income came from fishing and selling sea cucumbers, although this proportion varied greatly even within villages. Fishers who practised gleaning, fished less often, or possessing numerous livelihood income streams, were less economically dependent on sea cucumbers. Men tended to estimate higher incomes for an average day of fishing than women when compared with their recall of last sale. Fuel use varied greatly among regions in Fiji but, overall, averaged 428 L fisher−1 year−1, and represented 28% of gross income. More economical fishing strategies by women resulted in lower fuel use than men per fishing day. Breath-hold divers used less fuel (compared to fishers using scuba) and fishers targeting deep-water species used more fuel than other fishers. A best approximation of 8000 t CO2 year−1 for the carbon footprint of the whole fishery suggests that some SSFs, such as the one studied here, can be significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, even compared to many large-scale fisheries globally. Reforms to the management of SSFs should consider regulations that minimize carbon emissions and reduce economic dependency on vulnerable marine resources.

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