Conservation Genetics and Population History of Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Campanula rotundifolia in the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Greve Alsos ◽  
Torstein Engelskjon ◽  
Christian Brochmann
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Population History ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽  
Campanula Rotundifolia ◽  
History Of

Seed bank size and composition of Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Campanula rotundifolia habitats in Svalbard and northern Norway

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Greve Alsos ◽  
Sigmund Spjelkavik ◽  
Torstein Engelskjøn
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum ◽  
Campanula Rotundifolia ◽  
Alpine Habitats

The rare thermophilous species in the arctic archipelago of Svalbard are probably relicts from previous warmer periods and may be unable to reproduce sexually under the present climatic conditions. Germination of seeds, seed banks, and vegetative sprouts were studied in one Betula nana L., one Vaccinium uliginosum L., and two Campanula rotundifolia L. habitats in Svalbard. For comparison, one islet and three alpine habitats in northern Norway were studied. In each habitat, 50 soil cores (9.6 cm2) were collected and placed in a phytotron for germination tests. In Svalbard, no germinable seeds or seed bank of the three species were observed, whereas vegetative sprout densities were 83, 1060, and 21–1060/m2 for B. nana, V. uliginosum, and C. rotundifolia, respectively. In northern Norway, germination percentages of the collected seeds were 59, 10–27, and 15–40%, seed bank densities of seedlings 21–2765, 21–187, and 21–374/m2, and vegetative sprouts densities 94–206, 56–674, and 94–711/m2 for B. nana, V. uliginosum, and C. rotundifolia, respectively. Less thermophilous plant species produced germinable seeds in Svalbard, as 1247–5405 seedlings/m2 of 26 species germinated from the soil cores. In comparison, 5322–9626 seedlings/m2 of 43 species germinated in soil cores from the alpine habitats and 3534 seedlings/m2 of 26 species from the islet habitat. The results suggest that the most thermophilous species in Svalbard rarely produce germinable seeds under the present climatic conditions.Key words: arctic–alpine, Betula nana, Campanula rotundifolia, seed bank, sexual reproduction, thermophily, Vaccinium uliginosum.

scholarly journals Whales and Men: genetic inferences uncover a detailed history of hunting in bowhead whale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
TB Hoareau
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Population History ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
History Of

AbstractAfter millennia of hunting and a population collapse, it is still challenging to understand the genetic consequences of whaling on the circumarctic bowhead whale. Here I use published modern mtDNA sequences from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population and a new time calibration to show that late–glacial climate changes and whaling have been the major drivers of population change. Cultures that hunted in the Arctic Seas from as early as 5000 years ago appear to be responsible for successive declines of the population growth, bringing the effective size down to 38% of its pristine population size. The Thules and the Basques (year 1000–1730) who only hunted in the North Atlantic had a major impact on this North Pacific population, indicating that bowhead whale stocks respond to harvesting as a single population unit. Recent positive growth is inferred only after the end of commercial whaling in 1915, and for levels of harvesting that are close to the current annual quota of 67 whales. By unfolding the population history of the bowhead whale, I provide compelling evidence that mtDNA yields critical yet undervalued information for management and conservation of natural populations.

The Population History of Britain and Ireland 1500-1750

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Eilidh Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Population History ◽  
History Of

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

scholarly journals Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Eleanor Georgiadis ◽  
Steffen M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial phylogeography and population history of finless porpoises in Sino-Japanese waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUANG YANG ◽  
LI GUO ◽  
MICHAEL W. BRUFORD ◽  
FUWEN WEI ◽  
KAIYA ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Population History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Japanese Waters

scholarly journals Population history, phylogeography, and conservation genetics of the last Neotropical mega-herbivore, the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit de Thoisy ◽  
Anders da Silva ◽  
Manuel Ruiz-García ◽  
Andrés Tapia ◽  
Oswaldo Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Genetics ◽  
Population History ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris
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