Fiber Composition of Antennal Muscles in the Lobster Homarus americanus and the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bevengut ◽  
J. A. McTeague ◽  
C. K. Govind
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Fiber Composition

scholarly journals Cardiovascular functions in two macruran decapod crustaceans (Procambarus clarkii and Homarus americanus) during periods of inactivity, tail flexion and cardiorespiratory pauses

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Reiber ◽  
B Mcmahon ◽  
W Burggren
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Tail Movement

Arterial hemolymph flow was measured in restrained crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and lobsters (Homarus americanus). Implanted pulsed Doppler flow transducers were used to measure arterial flows in the anterior aorta, posterior aorta, sternal artery, lateral artery, ventral thoracic artery and ventral abdominal artery, allowing determination of flow simultaneously in several arteries over a period of 4 days. Calculated Doppler hemolymph flow showed a strong correlation (P<0.05) with 'pumped' hemolymph flow as determined by in situ calibration. Arterial flow patterns remained constant during quiet conditions. In crayfish, cardiac output was 7.5±1.1 ml min-1 (252 ml kg-1 min-1), of which the anterior aorta received 1.3±0.15 ml min-1 (20.1±4.0 %), the posterior aorta received 0.8±0.1 ml min-1 (12.3±2.7 %) and the sternal artery received 5.2±1.4 ml min-1 (67.5±37.0 %). Mean heart frequency at rest was 125.6±5.2 beats min-1 and stroke volume was 0.06±0.01 ml beat-1 (1.98 ml kg-1 beat-1). In lobsters, cardiac output was 60.8±4.4 ml min-1 (93.6±6.8 ml kg-1 min-1), with the anterior aorta receiving 7.8±0.8 ml min-1 (12.8±2.7 %), the lateral arteries receiving 0.6±0.2 ml min-1 (1.0±0.5 %), the posterior aorta receiving 12.6±1.0 ml min-1 (20.7±3.3 %) and the sternal artery receiving 38.9±4.1 ml min-1 (64.0±13.4 %). Flows in the branches of the sternal artery were 0.3±0.05 ml min-1 (0.5±2 %) in the ventral abdominal artery and 4.0±0.1 ml min-1 (6.5±0.3 %) in the ventral thoracic artery. Lobster heart rate was 82.5±2.9 beats min-1 and stroke volume was 0.7±0.05 ml beat-1. Periods of constant hemolymph flow were interrupted by tail flexions (abdominal flexion) and, in lobsters, periods of cardiac/respiratory pause. Tail movement increased flow (peak height and minimum flow values) in both crayfish and lobsters, although the general wave form of hemolymph flow and pressure did not change. In lobsters, periodic respiratory pauses were observed during which all arteries received hemolymph, despite the low heart rate.

scholarly journals Similarities between decapod and insect neuropeptidomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Dna Assembly ◽  
Physiological Processes

Background. Neuropeptides are important regulators of physiological processes and behavior. Although they tend to be generally well conserved, recent results using trancriptome sequencing on decapod crustaceans give the impression of significant differences between species, raising the question whether such differences are real or artefacts. Methods. The BLAST+ program was used to find short reads coding neuropeptides and neurohormons in publicly available short read archives. Such reads were then used to find similar reads in the same archives and the DNA assembly program Trinity was employed to construct contigs encoding the neuropeptide precursors as completely as possible. Results. The seven decapod species analyzed in this fashion, the crabs Eriocheir sinensis, Carcinus maenas and Scylla paramamosain, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the lobster Homarus americanus, the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii had remarkably similar neuropeptidomes. Although some neuropeptide precursors could not be assembled, in many cases individual reads pertaining to the missing precursors show unambiguously that these neuropeptides are present in these species. In other cases the tissues that express those neuropeptides were not used in the construction of the cDNA libraries. One novel neuropeptide was identified, elongated PDH (pigment dispersing hormone), a variation on PDH that has a two amino acid insertion in its core sequence. Hyrg is another peptide that is ubiquitously present in decapods and is likely a novel neuropeptide precursor. Discussion. Many insect species have lost one or more neuropeptide genes, but apart from elongated PDH and hyrg all other decapod neuropeptides are present in at least some insect species and allatotropin is the only insect neuropeptide missing from decapods. This strong similarity between insect and decapod neuropeptidomes makes it possible to predict the receptors for decapod neuropeptides that have been deorphanized in insects. This includes the androgenic insulin like peptide that seems to be homologous to drosophila insulin-like peptide 8.

scholarly journals Similarities between decapod and insect neuropeptidomes

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Dna Assembly ◽  
Physiological Processes

Background.Neuropeptides are important regulators of physiological processes and behavior. Although they tend to be generally well conserved, recent results using trancriptome sequencing on decapod crustaceans give the impression of significant differences between species, raising the question whether such differences are real or artefacts.Methods.The BLAST+ program was used to find short reads coding neuropeptides and neurohormons in publicly available short read archives. Such reads were then used to find similar reads in the same archives, and the DNA assembly program Trinity was employed to construct contigs encoding the neuropeptide precursors as completely as possible.Results.The seven decapod species analyzed in this fashion, the crabsEriocheir sinensis, Carcinus maenasandScylla paramamosain, the shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei, the lobsterHomarus americanus, the fresh water prawnMacrobrachium rosenbergiiand the crayfishProcambarus clarkiihad remarkably similar neuropeptidomes. Although some neuropeptide precursors could not be assembled, in many cases individual reads pertaining to the missing precursors show unambiguously that these neuropeptides are present in these species. In other cases, the tissues that express those neuropeptides were not used in the construction of the cDNA libraries. One novel neuropeptide was identified: elongated PDH (pigment dispersing hormone), a variation on PDH that has a two-amino-acid insertion in its core sequence. Hyrg is another peptide that is ubiquitously present in decapods and is likely a novel neuropeptide precursor.Discussion.Many insect species have lost one or more neuropeptide genes, but apart from elongated PDH and hyrg all other decapod neuropeptides are present in at least some insect species, and allatotropin is the only insect neuropeptide missing from decapods. This strong similarity between insect and decapod neuropeptidomes makes it possible to predict the receptors for decapod neuropeptides that have been deorphanized in insects. This includes the androgenic insulin-like peptide that seems to be homologous to drosophila insulin-like peptide 8.

scholarly journals Abdominal postural motor responses initiated by the muscle receptor organ in lobster depend upon centrally generated motor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-183
Author(s):  
S. C. Sukhdeo ◽  
C. H. Page
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Postural Reflex ◽  
Receptor Organ

1. Stretch stimulation of the abdominal muscle receptor organ of the lobster Homarus americanus initiated spike discharge of its tonic sensory neuron (SR1). This sensory response evoked a series of tonic postural reflex responses in the motor neurons that innervate the superficial extensor and flexor muscles of the abdominal postural system. The type of motor response depended on whether a flexion or extension pattern of spontaneous activity was being generated by the postural efferents. Spontaneous shifts between these centrally generated motor activities completely changed the SR1-evoked reflex responses. 2. During spontaneous centrally initiated flexion activity, tonic SR1 neuron discharge elicited an assistance response that included excitation of a medium-sized flexor excitor (f3) and the peripheral extensor inhibitor (e5), and inhibition of at least one extensor excitor. Neither the other flexor excitors nor the peripheral flexor inhibitor (f5) were affected by SR1 excitation. 3. During spontaneous centrally initiated extension activity, SR1 activity elicited a response that included excitation of the extensor excitors and the flexor peripheral inhibitor (f5) only, f3 and e5 spontaneous activities were unchanged. This response was a resistance reflex, since SR1 discharge normally resulted from an imposed abdominal flexion. 4. The SR1-initiated control of postural motor activity in lobster differs from previously published results in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Regenerative fidelity in the paired claw closer muscles of lobsters

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla S. Kent ◽  
Joanne Pearce ◽  
Christine Gee ◽  
C. K. Govind
Keyword(s):  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Slow Band ◽  
A Minor

The paired claws in the lobster Homarus americanus are bilaterally asymmetric, consisting of a major (crusher) and a minor (cutter) claw. The fiber composition of the claw closer muscles is correspondingly asymmetric: the cutter muscle has predominantly fast fibers with a small ventral slow band, whereas the crusher muscle has 100% slow fibers. Loss of the paired claws results in regeneration of new ones, which resemble their predecessors in external morphology and in the fiber composition of the closer muscle. Such regenerative fidelity prevails even when the paired claws and closer muscles are symmetric and of the cutter type, and even when they have undergone two successive cycles of limb loss and regeneration. Therefore the type of closer muscle and the configuration of the paired claws is not altered by loss and regeneration.

scholarly journals Molecular, mass spectral, and physiological analyses of orcokinins and orcokinin precursor-related peptides in the lobster Homarus americanus and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii

Peptides ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy S. Dickinson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stemmler ◽  
Elizabeth E. Barton ◽  
Christopher R. Cashman ◽  
Noah P. Gardner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Mass Spectral

scholarly journals Similarities between decapod and insect neuropeptidomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Dna Assembly ◽  
Physiological Processes

Background. Neuropeptides are important regulators of physiological processes and behavior. Although they tend to be generally well conserved, recent results using trancriptome sequencing on decapod crustaceans give the impression of significant differences between species, raising the question whether such differences are real or artefacts. Methods. The BLAST+ program was used to find short reads coding neuropeptides and neurohormons in publicly available short read archives. Such reads were then used to find similar reads in the same archives and the DNA assembly program Trinity was employed to construct contigs encoding the neuropeptide precursors as completely as possible. Results. The seven decapod species analyzed in this fashion, the crabs Eriocheir sinensis, Carcinus maenas and Scylla paramamosain, the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the lobster Homarus americanus, the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii had remarkably similar neuropeptidomes. Although some neuropeptide precursors could not be assembled, in many cases individual reads pertaining to the missing precursors show unambiguously that these neuropeptides are present in these species. In other cases the tissues that express those neuropeptides were not used in the construction of the cDNA libraries. One novel neuropeptide was identified, elongated PDH (pigment dispersing hormone), a variation on PDH that has a two amino acid insertion in its core sequence. Hyrg is another peptide that is ubiquitously present in decapods and is likely a novel neuropeptide precursor. Discussion. Many insect species have lost one or more neuropeptide genes, but apart from elongated PDH and hyrg all other decapod neuropeptides are present in at least some insect species and allatotropin is the only insect neuropeptide missing from decapods. This strong similarity between insect and decapod neuropeptidomes makes it possible to predict the receptors for decapod neuropeptides that have been deorphanized in insects. This includes the androgenic insulin like peptide that seems to be homologous to drosophila insulin-like peptide 8.

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