scholarly journals Statocysts in Crabs: Short-Term Control of Locomotion and Long-Term Monitoring of Hydrostatic Pressure

2001 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Peatland-ES-UK: a long-term, deep and holistic look at climate and management impacts on grousemoor managed UK blanket bog peatlands - carbon, water, biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Heinemeyer ◽  
Anthony Jones ◽  
Tom Holmes ◽  
Abby Mycroft ◽  
Will Burn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blanket Bog ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>Large parts of the rather cold and wet UK uplands are dominated by peatlands, specifically blanket bogs. During most of the Holocene, those peatlands have locked away carbon for many thousands of years due to water logged conditions leading to low decomposition rates and long-term accumulation of soil organic matter as peat. Importantly, this peat accumulation not just increases carbon but also water storage and provides many other associated and vital ecosystem services to societies across the UK, such as drinking water.</p><p>However, since around 1850, much of the UK uplands have been under grousemoor management to encourage red grouse populations as part of shooting estates, including controversial drainage, heather burning, and more recently, alternative cutting. Due to the rather weak and often conflicting evidence base around impacts of such management more research is needed to unravel climate and management impacts on ecosystem functions and associated ecosystem services. Much of the controversial evidence base is based on short-term monitoring of only a few years (potentially misinterpreting short-term disturbance effects as long-term impacts), single site studies (not capturing edaphic and climatic variability) and space-for-time studies, often with different treatments located at different sites (and thus limited in their ability or even unable to disentangle confounding variables such as site environmental conditions/history from actual management impacts).</p><p>We present long-term data from a previously government-funded, and currently multi-funded and to 10 years extended, peatland management project investigating ecosystem functions from plot-to-catchment scales on three grousemoor sites across Northern England. The <strong>Peatland-ES-UK</strong> project is part of the Ecological Continuity Trust’s long-term monitoring network and is based on a Before-After Control-Impact design approach. Each of three replicated field sites consist of two paired 10 ha catchments under previous burn rotation management and part of current peatland restoration work. After one year of pre-treatment monitoring, catchments were allocated either a continuation of burning or an alternative mowing post-treatment catchment management rotation (the latter containing several 5x5 m sub-treatment monitoring plots including no management). Monitoring includes assessing hydrology, water budgets, carbon cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, peat properties, vegetation composition and key biodiversity.</p><p>We shall provide new and sometimes surprising and even challenging insights into blanket bog ecosystem functioning in an ecosystem services and habitat status context, highlighting the importance of long-term monitoring, experimental design, spatio-temporal changes and remaining uncertainties. Specifically, we shall present findings about water storage (water tables and stream flow), long-term carbon accumulation rates (peat cores), recent carbon budgets (flux chambers) and net greenhouse gas emissions (including methane). We also present some peatland model predictions around various land use impacts on past, present and future carbon storage potential. Finally, we call for a joint funding commitment across research, policy and land user organisations to ensure the continuation of such joined-up ‘real-world’ experimental and long-term monitoring work, as part of a national applied research platform network, as it provides the “gold standard” to inform evidence-based policy directly related to practitioner needs.</p>

scholarly journals LONG-TERM MONITORING ON THE SAND SPIT MORPHODYNAMICS AT THE TENRYU RIVER MOUTH

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiang Liu ◽  
Yoshimitsu Tajima ◽  
Shinji Sato
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Variation Pattern ◽  
Orthogonal Function ◽  
Sand Spit ◽  
Sand Movement ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Insight Into

In this study, long-term monitoring on the sand spit morphodynamics at the Tenryu River mouth was carried out based on the time series of sand spit profiles extracted from the field camera recorded images between Apr 2007 and Dec 2009. Time stack images were applied to qualitatively characterize the variation of sand spit morphology at the representative longshore location. Primarily analyses were conducted by focusing on the bulk statistical properties of the recorded sand spit profile data. Detailed insight into the evolution process of the sand spit shoreline location was estimated through the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. Sand spit riverside morphodynamics presents a short-term, but intensive variation pattern and is found to be closely related to the overtopping or flood events. Modification on the sand spit shoreline location shows an asymmetric nearshore process. In the first two years, slow beach accretion accompanying with the eastward longshore sand movement prevailed; whereas, rapid shoreline erosion, together with the westward longshore sand movement, became predominant in the following half year.

scholarly journals The culprit of cryptogenic stroke: the short-term versus long-term atrial fibrillation detection rate in a tertiary care centre

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Wouters ◽  
P Vandervoort ◽  
D Mesotten ◽  
D Verhaert ◽  
J Vranken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Limburg Clinical Research Center OnBehalf Mobile Health Unit & Future Health Background Cryptogenic stroke (CS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients have no determined aetiology at discharge. A possible cause for stroke is atrial fibrillation (AF). AF occurs in 20%-40% of the CS patients and diagnosis is highly dependent on monitoring duration. A long-term monitoring method is the insertable loop recorder (ILR), recommended by the European Society of Cardiology. However, this is not routinely used in Belgium despite reimbursement. Purpose This study aims to determine the AF detection rates of different methods used in clinical practice, ranging from short-term monitoring (monitoring in a stroke unit, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and 24-hour ECG), seven-day Holter, and long-term monitoring (smartphone application and ILR). Methods A monocentric, retrospective study was conducted in adults with CS or TIA between 1/01/17 - 1/01/20. Data were collected from the electronic medical record. The primary endpoint was the detection rate and time until first AF detection. Results A total of 368 patients suffered from a CS or TIA. Most of them were monitored in the stroke unit (96%) or with a 12-lead ECG (93%). A 24-hour ECG was used in 26%, a seven-day Holter in 38%. For long-term monitoring, a smartphone application was used in 3%. ILRs were inserted in 6%, with a median time of 102 days after stroke (IQR: 48-321). One year after ILR insertion, AF was detected in 23%. AF detection increased with monitoring duration, as shown in the figure, except for 24-hour ECG, which detected no AF. Therefore, the AF detection rate was different between short-term monitoring (5%)  and seven-day Holter (10%; p=.034), and short- and long-term monitoring (16%; p=.01). The age of CS patients without AF (Mdn = 71yr) was lower than those with AF (Mdn = 79yr; p=.001). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the CHA2DS2-VASc score of patients without AF (Mdn = 3) was lower than those with AF (Mdn = 6, p<.001; Mdn = 4, p=.004 respectively). The one-year mortality of patients with AF was 15% compared to 8% for patients without AF. No patients with an ILR deceased within one year after the stroke. Conclusions Detection of AF was associated with higher age, NIHSS, and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. These variables can be used to select patients for the insertion of ILRs. The detection rate of AF was significantly higher with long-term monitoring and seven-day Holter compared to short-term monitoring. However, only 38% of the patients were monitored for a week, and only 6% had an ILR inserted. Therefore, despite guideline recommendations, long-term cardiac monitoring is underutilised in this population of CS patients. Nevertheless, AF was still detected in 14% of CS patients within one year after the stroke. These findings emphasise the need for more monitoring with a seven-day Holter, smartphone app, and ILR in this patient population. Consequently, this will result in more accurate treatment of AF as secondary prevention of CS. Abstract Figure. Time to first AF detection after stroke

Chronic Osteoarthritis and Adherence to Exercise: A Review of the Literature

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Marks ◽  
John P. Allegrante
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Over Time

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that disables many aging adults. People with OA are often asked to adhere to prescribed exercise regimens that must be undertaken in the presence of pain and other disease-related symptoms. We conducted a review of literature that focused on what is known about exercise adherence and the factors that influence exercise adherence among people with OA. Results revealed multiple determinants of exercise adherence; however, these determinants have not been carefully studied in the context of exercise adherence and OA. Almost all studies of exercise adherence among people with OA are short-term and do not use validated measures of adherence. Moreover, poor adherence is the most compelling explanation for the declining impact of the benefits of exercise over time. We conclude that interventions to enhance self-efficacy, social support, and skills in long-term monitoring of progress are necessary to foster exercise adherence among people with OA.

Relapse in Children Treated for Nocturnal Enuresis: Prediction of Response using Pre-Treatment Variables

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Butler ◽  
Chris Brewin ◽  
Ian Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prediction Of Response ◽  
Child Perceptions ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Term Monitoring

Thirty-seven children successfully treated for nocturnal enuresis were followed-up. Short term relapse was determined by clinical contact for 6 months whilst long term monitoring was measured by a mailed questionnaire up to 4 years after treatment. The relationship between pre-treatment variables and relapse was examined with particular reference to maternal and child perceptions of the enuresis. Results suggest relapse was particularly related to the child's lack of concern over bedwetting.

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