Light Production by the Arm Tips of the Deep-Sea Cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernalis

Bruce H. Robison; Kim R. Reisenbichler; James C. Hunt; Steven H. D. Haddock

doi:10.2307/1543231

The first global deep-sea stable isotope assessment reveals the unique trophic ecology of Vampire Squid Vampyroteuthis infernalis (Cephalopoda)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55719-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexey V. Golikov ◽

Filipe R. Ceia ◽

Rushan M. Sabirov ◽

Jonathan D. Ablett ◽

Ian G. Gleadall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Stable Isotope ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Trophic Ecology ◽

Global Scale ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Relict Species ◽

Global Comparison ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis ◽

Isotope Analyses

AbstractVampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903, is a widely distributed deepwater cephalopod with unique morphology and phylogenetic position. We assessed its habitat and trophic ecology on a global scale via stable isotope analyses of a unique collection of beaks from 104 specimens from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Cephalopods typically are active predators occupying a high trophic level (TL) and exhibit an ontogenetic increase in δ15N and TL. Our results, presenting the first global comparison for a deep-sea invertebrate, demonstrate that V. infernalis has an ontogenetic decrease in δ15N and TL, coupled with niche broadening. Juveniles are mobile zooplanktivores, while larger Vampyroteuthis are slow-swimming opportunistic consumers and ingest particulate organic matter. Vampyroteuthis infernalis occupies the same TL (3.0–4.3) over its global range and has a unique niche in deep-sea ecosystems. These traits have enabled the success and abundance of this relict species inhabiting the largest ecological realm on the planet.

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Fossil evidence for vampire squid inhabiting oxygen-depleted ocean zones since at least the Oligocene

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01714-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin Košťák ◽

Ján Schlögl ◽

Dirk Fuchs ◽

Katarína Holcová ◽

Natalia Hudáčková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

First Record ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Central Paratethys ◽

Extant Species ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

The Family ◽

Geochemical Analyses ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis ◽

Early Cenozoic

AbstractA marked 120 My gap in the fossil record of vampire squids separates the only extant species (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) from its Early Cretaceous, morphologically-similar ancestors. While the extant species possesses unique physiological adaptations to bathyal environments with low oxygen concentrations, Mesozoic vampyromorphs inhabited epicontinental shelves. However, the timing of their retreat towards bathyal and oxygen-depleted habitats is poorly documented. Here, we document a first record of a post-Mesozoic vampire squid from the Oligocene of the Central Paratethys represented by a vampyromorph gladius. We assignNecroteuthis hungaricato the family Vampyroteuthidae that links Mesozoic loligosepiids with RecentVampyroteuthis. Micropalaeontological, palaeoecological, and geochemical analyses demonstrate thatNecroteuthis hungaricainhabited bathyal environments with bottom-water anoxia and high primary productivity in salinity-stratified Central Paratethys basins. Vampire squids were thus adapted to bathyal, oxygen-depleted habitats at least since the Oligocene. We suggest that the Cretaceous and the early Cenozoic OMZs triggered their deep-sea specialization.

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Life history traits of the deep-sea pelagic cephalopods Japetella diaphana and Vampyroteuthis infernalis

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers ◽

10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 103365

Author(s):

Richard Schwarz ◽

Uwe Piatkowski ◽

Bruce H. Robison ◽

Vladimir V. Laptikhovsky ◽

Henk-Jan Hoving

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis

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Plastic in the inferno: Microplastic contamination in deep-sea cephalopods (Vampyroteuthis infernalis and Abralia veranyi) from the southwestern Atlantic

Marine Pollution Bulletin ◽

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113309 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 113309

Author(s):

Guilherme V.B. Ferreira ◽

Anne K.S. Justino ◽

Leandro Nolé Eduardo ◽

Véronique Lenoble ◽

Vincent Fauvelle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Southwestern Atlantic ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis

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Stable isotopes document the trophic structure of a deep-sea cephalopod assemblage including giant octopod and giant squid

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2009.0024 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 364-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Y. Cherel ◽

V. Ridoux ◽

J. Spitz ◽

P. Richard

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Trophic Structure ◽

Trophic Position ◽

Sperm Whale ◽

Isotopic Signature ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Sperm Whales ◽

Giant Squid ◽

Pelagic Habitat ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis

Although deep-sea cephalopods are key marine organims, their feeding ecology remains essentially unknown. Here, we report for the first time the trophic structure of an assemblage of these animals (19 species) by measuring the isotopic signature of wings of their lower beaks, which accumulated in stomachs of stranded sperm whales. Overall, the species encompassed a narrow range in δ 13 C values (1.7‰), indicating that they lived in closely related and overlapping habitats. δ 13 C values can be interpreted in terms of distribution with the more 13 C-depleted species (e.g. Stigmatoteuthis arcturi , Vampyroteuthis infernalis ) having a more pelagic habitat than the more 13 C-enriched, bathyal species (e.g. Todarodes sagittatus and the giant squid Architeuthis dux ). The cephalopods sampled had δ 15 N values ranging 4.6‰, which is consistent with the species spanning approximately 1.5 trophic levels. Neither the giant octopod ( Haliphron atlanticus ) nor the giant squid reached the highest trophic position. Species δ 15 N was independent of body size, with large squids having both the highest ( Taningia danae ) and lowest ( Lepidoteuthis grimaldii ) δ 15 N values. Their trophic position indicates that some species share the top of the food web, together with other megacarnivores such as the sperm whale.

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Spermatozoa of the deep-sea cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun: ultrastructure and possible phylogenetic significance

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1989.0038 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 323 (1219) ◽

pp. 589-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Sperm Morphology ◽

Tail Length ◽

Longitudinal Axis ◽

Sperm Ultrastructure ◽

Close Link ◽

Australian Museum ◽

Distal Centriole ◽

Vampyroteuthis Infernalis ◽

Formalin Fixed

Sperm ultrastructure in the rare deep-sea cephalopod Vampyroteuthis infernails is described, based on formalin-fixed material held in the Australian Museum (Sydney). The species is the sole member of the coleoidean order Vampyromorpha, which represents a level of organization intermediate between that of the Sepioidea-Teuthoidea and the Octopoda. Spermatozoa of Vampyroteuthis , the simplest observed in any cephalopod, exhibit the following features: (1) a spheroidal acrosome lacking any complex substructure; (2) a short (8.5 µm) fusiform nucleus with a deep (2.2-2.5 µm ) basal invagination (containing an extensive plug of dense material); (3) two triplet centrioles arranged parallel to the sperm longitudinal axis; (4) a short (1 µm) midpiece composed of a triangular cluster of mitochondria surrounding the centrioles; and (5) a tail (length 130-135 µm) that is continuous with one of the centrioles (here considered as a 'distal' centriole). An annulus and membranous skirt are absent, though the coarse fibres do fuse into a ring at the tail-midpiece junction). These cells show some resemblance to sperm or spermatids of sepioids and teuthoids (spheroidal acrosome, short nucleus) but are also remarkably similar to mid- spermatids of Octopus (with the exception of the uncondensed nucleus in Octopus spermatids). Sperm morphology supports the current assignment of Vampyroteuthis to a separate coleoidean order - Vampyromorpha - and also suggests that a close link exists between the Vampyromorpha and Octopoda.

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Designing high-resolution slow scan CCD-based TEM camera systems

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010012936x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 946-947

Author(s):

James F. Mancuso ◽

William B. Maxwell ◽

Russell E. Camp ◽

Mark H. Ellisman

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optics ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

High Energy ◽

Phosphor Layer ◽

X Ray ◽

Light Production ◽

Camera Systems ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Electron Image ◽

Scintillating Fiber

The imaging requirements for 1000 line CCD camera systems include resolution, sensitivity, and field of view. In electronic camera systems these characteristics are determined primarily by the performance of the electro-optic interface. This component converts the electron image into a light image which is ultimately received by a camera sensor.Light production in the interface occurs when high energy electrons strike a phosphor or scintillator. Resolution is limited by electron scattering and absorption. For a constant resolution, more energy deposition occurs in denser phosphors (Figure 1). In this respect, high density x-ray phosphors such as Gd2O2S are better than ZnS based cathode ray tube phosphors. Scintillating fiber optics can be used instead of a discrete phosphor layer. The resolution of scintillating fiber optics that are used in x-ray imaging exceed 20 1p/mm and can be made very large. An example of a digital TEM image using a scintillating fiber optic plate is shown in Figure 2.

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