scholarly journals Growth Rate of Jamaican Coral Reef Sponges After Hurricane Allen

1988 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLIVE R. WILKINSON ◽  
ANTHONY C. CHESHIRE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Jamaican Coral Reef

scholarly journals <sup>210</sup>Pb-<sup>226</sup>Ra chronology reveals rapid growth rate of <i>Madrepora oculata</i> and <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> on world's largest cold-water coral reef

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sabatier ◽  
J.-L. Reyss ◽  
J. M. Hall-Spencer ◽  
C. Colin ◽  
N. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Fe Oxide ◽  
Oxide Contamination ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Here we show the use of the 210Pb-226Ra excess method to determine the growth rate of two corals from the world's largest known cold-water coral reef, Røst Reef, north of the Arctic circle off Norway. Colonies of each of the two species that build the reef, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, were collected alive at 350 m depth using a submersible. Pb and Ra isotopes were measured along the major growth axis of both specimens using low level alpha and gamma spectrometry and trace element compositions were studied. 210Pb and 226Ra differ in the way they are incorporated into coral skeletons. Hence, to assess growth rates, we considered the exponential decrease of initially incorporated 210Pb, as well as the increase in 210Pb from the decay of 226Ra and contamination with 210Pb associated with Mn-Fe coatings that we were unable to remove completely from the oldest parts of the skeletons. 226Ra activity was similar in both coral species, so, assuming constant uptake of 210Pb through time, we used the 210Pb-226Ra chronology to calculate growth rates. The 45.5 cm long branch of M. oculata was 31 yr with an average linear growth rate of 14.4 ± 1.1 mm yr−1 (2.6 polyps per year). Despite cleaning, a correction for Mn-Fe oxide contamination was required for the oldest part of the colony; this correction corroborated our radiocarbon date of 40 yr and a mean growth rate of 2 polyps yr−1. This rate is similar to the one obtained in aquarium experiments under optimal growth conditions. For the 80 cm-long L. pertusa colony, metal-oxide contamination remained in both the middle and basal part of the coral skeleton despite cleaning, inhibiting similar age and growth rate estimates. The youngest part of the colony was free of metal oxides and this 15 cm section had an estimated a growth rate of 8 mm yr−1, with high uncertainty (~1 polyp every two to three years). We are less certain of this 210Pb growth rate estimate which is within the lowermost ranges of previous growth rate estimates. We show that 210Pb-226Ra dating can be successfully applied to determine the age and growth rate of framework-forming cold-water corals if Mn-Fe oxide deposits can be removed. Where metal oxides can be removed, large M. oculata and L. pertusa skeletons provide archives for studies of intermediate water masses with an up to annual time resolution and spanning over many decades.

scholarly journals <sup>210</sup>Pb-<sup>226</sup>Ra chronology reveals rapid growth rate of <i>Madrepora oculata</I> and <i>Lophelia pertusa</i> on world's largest cold-water coral reef

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 12247-12283
Author(s):  
P. Sabatier ◽  
J.-L. Reyss ◽  
J. M. Hall-Spencer ◽  
C. Colin ◽  
N. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract. Here we show the use of the 210Pb-226Ra excess method to determine the growth rate of corals from one of the world's largest known cold-water coral reef, the Røst Reef off Norway. Two large branching framework-forming cold-water coral specimens, one Lophelia pertusa and one Madrepora oculata were collected alive at 350 m water depth from the Røst Reef at ~67° N and ~9° E. Pb and Ra isotopes were measured along the major growth axis of both specimens using low level alpha and gamma spectrometry and the corals trace element compositions were studied using ICP-QMS. Due to the different chemical behaviors of Pb and Ra in the marine environment, 210Pb and 226Ra were not incorporated the same way into the aragonite skeleton of those two cold-water corals. Thus to assess of the growth rates of both specimens we have here taken in consideration the exponential decrease of initially incorporated 210Pb as well as the ingrowth of 210Pb from the decay of 226Ra. Moreover a~post-depositional 210Pb incorporation is found in relation to the Mn-Fe coatings that could not be entirely removed from the oldest parts of the skeletons. The 226Ra activities in both corals were fairly constant, then assuming constant uptake of 210Pb through time the 210Pb-226Ra chronology can be applied to calculate linear growth rate. The 45.5 cm long branch of M. oculata reveals an age of 31 yr and a~linear growth rate of 14.4 ± 1.1 mm yr−1, i.e. 2.6 polyps per year. However, a correction regarding a remaining post-depositional Mn-Fe oxide coating is needed for the base of the specimen. The corrected age tend to confirm the radiocarbon derived basal age of 40 yr (using 14C bomb peak) with a mean growth rate of 2 polyps yr−1. This rate is similar to the one obtained in Aquaria experiments under optimal growth conditions. For the 80 cm-long specimen of L. pertusa a remaining contamination of metal-oxides is observed for the middle and basal part of the coral skeleton, inhibiting similar accurate age and growth rate estimates. However, the youngest branch was free of Mn enrichment and this 15 cm section reveals a growth rate of 8 mm yr−1 (~1 polyp every two to three years). However, the 210Pb growth rate estimate is within the lowermost ranges of previous growth rate estimates and may thus reflect that the coral was not developing at optimal growth conditions. Overall, 210Pb-226Ra dating can be successfully applied to determine the age and growth rate of framework-forming cold-water corals, however, removal of post-depositional Mn-Fe oxide deposits is a prerequisite. If successful, large branching M. oculata and L. pertusa coral skeletons provide unique oceanographic archive for studies of intermediate water environmentals with an up to annual time resolution and spanning over many decades.

scholarly journals A Reconnaissance of the Deeper Jamaican Coral Reef Fish Communities

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Itzkowitz ◽  
M. Haley ◽  
C. Otis ◽  
D. Evers
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Jamaican Coral Reef

scholarly journals LAJU PERTUMBUHAN TERUMBU KARANG Acropora formosa DI PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, TAMAN NASIONAL KARIMUNJAWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Choirun Nisa Akbar Rizqika ◽  
Supriharyono Supriharyono ◽  
Nurul Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Acropora Formosa

Salah satu pulau di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa yang sering dikunjungi wisatawan adalah Pulau Menjangan Kecil. Wisatawan tertarik mengunjungi Pulau Menjangan Kecil dikarenakan keanekaragaman ekosistemnya, terutama ekosistem terumbu karang dan letaknya yang dekat dengan pulau utama. Namun, aktivitas pariwisata tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi ekosistem terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi fisika kimia perairan, tutupan terumbu karang dan jenis karang yang hidup di titik pengamatan , laju pertumbuhan karang dan korelasi antara variabel fisika kimia perairan terhadap laju pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksplanatif dan dianalisa menggunakan SPSS 23 dan Microsoft Excel 2013. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah kualitas perairan di lokasi tersebut mendukung pertumbuhan ekosistem terumbu karang dengan suhu yang berkisar 27-300C, kecerahan sampai dasar dan salinitas sebesar 35 ppm. Tutupan terumbu karang di titik pengamatan tergolong baik dengan persentase penutupan sebesar 61,92%. Jenis karang yang dominan adalah jenis Acropora formosa dan Acropora divaricata. Laju pertumbuhan karang yang diukur adalah jenis Acropora formosa dengan nilai sebesar 5,47 mm/bulan. Berdasarkan nilai R2 pada grafik rata-rata laju pertumbuhan terumbu karang, waktu pengukuran memiliki pengaruh sebesar 95,1 % terhadap laju pertumbuhan karang. Hasil uji Pearson menunjukkan variabel fisika kimia perairan yang memiliki hubungan terhadap laju pertumbuhan terumbu karang adalah arus dan pasang surut air laut dengan nilai Sig. 0,027<0,05 dan Sig. 0,046<0,05. Temperatur air laut tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap laju pertumbuhan terumbu karang dengan nilai Sig. 0,364>0,05.  One of the islands in Karimunjawa National Park that often visited by tourists is the Menjangan Kecil Island. Tourists are interested to visit Menjangan Kecil Island because the diversity, especially the coral reef ecosystem and its location that close to the main island. However, these tourism activities cause degradation of coral reef. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical chemistry of the waters, coral reef cover and the types of coral, the growth rate of coral and the correlation between the variables of physical chemistry of the waters on the growth rate of coral reefs. The research method used explanatory method and analyzed using SPSS 23 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The quality of water in these locations supported the growth of coral reef ecosystems with temperatures ranging from 27-300C, brightness to base and salinity of 35 ppm. Coral reef cover at the observation point is classified as good with a closing percentage of 61.92%. The dominant coral species are Acropora formosa and Acropora divaricata. The measured coral growth rate was Acropora formosa with a value of 5.47 mm / month. Based on the R2 value on the graph of the average growth rate of coral reefs, the measurement time has an influence on the growth rate of the coral. The results of Pearson's test showed that the physics of water chemistry variables that have a relationship to the growth rate of coral reefs are currents and tides with the value of Sig. 0.027 <0.05 and Sig. 0.046 <0.05. Sea water temperature does not have a correlation to the growth rate of coral reefs with the value of Sig. 0.364> 0.05. 

scholarly journals Long-term cleaner fish presence affects growth of a coral reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian E. Clague ◽  
Karen L. Cheney ◽  
Anne W. Goldizen ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Peter A. Waldie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Cleaner Fish ◽  
Labroides Dimidiatus ◽  
Pomacentrus Moluccensis

Cleaning behaviour is considered to be a classical example of mutualism. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have measured the benefits to clients in terms of growth. In the longest experimental study of its kind, over an 8 year period, cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus were consistently removed from seven patch reefs (61–285 m 2 ) and left undisturbed on nine control reefs, and the growth and parasite load of the damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis determined. After 8 years, growth was reduced and parasitic copepod abundance was higher on fish from removal reefs compared with controls, but only in larger individuals. Behavioural observations revealed that P. moluccensis cleaned by L. dimidiatus were 27 per cent larger than nearby conspecifics. The selective cleaning by L. dimidiatus probably explains why only larger P. moluccensis individuals benefited from cleaning. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that cleaners affect the growth rate of client individuals; a greater size for a given age should result in increased fecundity at a given time. The effect of the removal of so few small fish on the size of another fish species is unprecedented on coral reefs.

scholarly journals BUDI DAYA KARANG HIAS MENDUKUNG PERDAGANGAN KARANG HIAS YANG BERKESINAMBUNGAN

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Ofri Johan ◽  
Wartono Hadie ◽  
Adang Saputra ◽  
Joni Hariyadi ◽  
Nurbakti Listyanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Acropora Millepora ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Seriatopora Hystrix ◽  
The One ◽  
Reef Condition

Kegiatan budi daya karang hias di Indonesia perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin perdagangannya agar berjalan tanpa merusak keanekaragaman dan kondisi terumbu karang. Budi daya karang hias menggunakan rak berupa meja yang terbuat dari paralon PVC yang dinilai sangat ekonomis dan mudah diaplikasikan masyarakat lokal. Pengamatan pertumbuhan hanya dilakukan pada 1 rak masing-masing jenis karang yang dibudidayakan yaitu Acropora sp., Acropora formosa, Acropora humilis, Acropora millepora, Acropora nobilis, dan Seriatopora hystrix. Kegiatan dilakukan pada dua lokasi yaitu Pulau Simakakang-Mentawai, Sumatera Barat dan Gondol, Bali. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap dua bulan dan penelitian dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan. Hasil pengamatan diperoleh tingkat mortalitas pada lokasi Pulau Simakakang diperoleh 5,56% dari 36 sampel yang diukur dari 6 jenis karang dan 6 ulangan, pertambahan panjang jenis A. formosa 0,64 cm/bulan, lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan jenis A. millepora 0,58 cm/bulan dan jenis lain. Karang A. humilis memiliki laju perambatan pada substrat semen dan batang pengikat yang  lebih cepat dari jenis lain. Pada lokasi Gondol, Bali memiliki laju pertambahan panjang karang A. millepora lebih cepat (0,50 cm/bulan) dibandingkan dengan jenis A. tenuis (0,43 cm/bulan) dan jenis lain berkisar antara 0,21—0,39 cm/bulan.Tingkat kematian 3 koloni (7,1%) dari total 42 koloni yang disampling.The culture of ornamental coral is important to be conducted to guarantee the coral trade can be run well without giving impact to coral reef biodiversities and coral reef condition in Indonesia. This cultured using table using nets as a place which is made from PVC pipe. This method can minimize cost comparing with others materials as well as applicable for coastal community. One table can be placed 12 (3x4) substrate with a distance among others of 25 cm, then fragmented coral were tied to that substrates. This activity was carried out in two locations that were Simakakang Island, Mentawai, West Sumatera, and Gondol, Bali. The observation of mortality found that the one in Simakakang Island had 5.56% of 36 fragments of 6 species and of 6 replications, length growth of A. formosa was 0.64 cm/month, more rapid than the one of A. millepora (0,58 cm/month) and others species. A. humilis had encrusted to cement substrate, it was more rapid than the one in others species. Length growth rate of A. millepora in Gondol, Bali was more rapid (0.50 cm/month) than A. tenuis (0.43 cm/month), and others (0.21—0.39 cm/month). The mortality rate was 7.1% (3 colonies) from 42 colonies.

scholarly journals 3D Scanning as a Tool to Measure Growth Rates of Live Coral Microfragments Used for Coral Reef Restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna R. Koch ◽  
Bailey Wallace ◽  
Allyson DeMerlis ◽  
Abigail S. Clark ◽  
Robert J. Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Rapid and widespread declines in coral health and abundance have driven increased investments in coral reef restoration interventions to jumpstart population recovery. Microfragmentation, an asexual propagation technique, is used to produce large numbers of corals for research and restoration. As part of resilience-based restoration, coral microfragments of different genotypes and species are exposed to various stressors to identify candidates for propagation. Growth rate is one of several important fitness-related traits commonly used in candidate selection, and being able to rapidly and accurately quantify growth rates of different genotypes is ideal for high-throughput stress tests. Additionally, it is crucial, as coral restoration becomes more commonplace, to establish practical guidelines and standardized methods of data collection that can be used across independent groups. Herein, we developed a streamlined workflow for growth rate quantification of live microfragmented corals using a structured-light 3D scanner to assess surface area (SA) measurements of live tissue over time. We then compared novel 3D and traditional 2D approaches to quantifying microfragment growth rates and assessed factors such as accuracy and speed. Compared to a more conventional 2D approach based on photography and ImageJ analysis, the 3D approach had comparable reliability, greater accuracy regarding absolute SA quantification, high repeatability, and low variability between scans. However, the 2D approach accurately measured growth and proved to be faster and cheaper, factors not trivial when attempting to upscale for restoration efforts. Nevertheless, the 3D approach has greater capacity for standardization across dissimilar studies, making it a better tool for restoration practitioners striving for consistent and comparable data across users, as well as for those conducting networked experiments, meta-analyses, and syntheses. Furthermore, 3D scanning has the capacity to provide more accurate surface area (SA) measurements for rugose, mounding, or complex colony shapes. This is the first protocol developed for using structured-light 3D scanning as a tool to measure growth rates of live microfragments. While each method has its advantages and disadvantages, disadvantages to a 3D approach based on speed and cost may diminish with time as interest and usage increase. As a resource for coral restoration practitioners and researchers, we provide a detailed 3D scanning protocol herein and discuss its potential limitations, applications, and future directions.

Towards a dynamic approach of sequences of coral reef terraces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Morwenn Pastier ◽  
Luca Malatesta ◽  
Kimberly Huppert ◽  
Denovan Chauveau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Reef Growth ◽  
Accommodation Space ◽  
Wave Erosion ◽  
Clastic Sedimentary

&lt;p&gt;Sequences of coral reef terraces result from the interplay between biogenic and clastic sedimentary production, relative sea level (RSL) variations, wave erosion and tectonic forcing. Reefal sequences are gold standard proxies for paleo-sea level and tectonic reconstructions, but their contribution is usually restricted to a bijective approach, correlating the single elevation and age of their inner edge to single sea level stands or coseismic offsets, and reciprocally. The increase of available data, such as coral datings and high resolution topography revealed major deviations from this bijective approach (corals from a single MIS on several terraces, and conversely, or MIS highstands not represented in a sequence).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Cape Laundi sequence, Sumba island, Indonesia, demonstrates such deviations, with outcrops of corals from MIS 5e on as many as three terraces instead of a single terrace as commonly expected. A preliminar numerical model of coral reef terrace profile has been developed, integrating reef growth, wave erosion, RSL variations and tectonic deformation. The interplay between reef growth rate, tectonic displacements and RSL variations provides a plausible explanation for these numerous occurrences. The low growth rate of this reef appears to prevent coral from&amp;#160; saturating the accommodation space generated during sea level transgression, leading to the preservation of drowned platforms and reefal construction of similar age during regressions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Preliminary results from numerical modeling reveal complex feedbacks between the processes shaping these morphologies. Tectonic deformation has a major influence on reef development, by favoring reef preservation at high uplift rates and controlling the available accommodation space for reef growth.. By taking into account the numerous feedbacks controlling reef morphology, we can investigate the significance of RSL variations, continuous and punctual rock uplift, biogenic activity, and clastic inputs on coral terrace morphology and chronostratigraphy. Our approach can bring crucial constraints to the rates and frequency of RSL variations. To do so, we further develop our numerical model in order to provide more robust insights on the controls of reefal sequences morphologies.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of transplantation media on Pocillopora coral growth rate at TWAL Pulau Weh

DEPIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Chitra Octavina ◽  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Adrian Damora ◽  
Zulkarnain Jalil ◽  
Nanda Muhammad Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Coral reef ecosystems have a vital role in waters so that damage to coral reef ecosystems can reduce ecological and socio-economic functions that can impact environmental imbalances, such as reef fish and benthic communities. This study aims to determine the effect of transplant media on the growth rate of the genus Pocillopora coral and see whether it has a significant effect on the rate of coral growth in TWAL Pulau Weh, Aceh Province. The method used is a purposive sampling method in determining stations, analysis using the ImageJ 1.52 application. The results showed that the effect of transplant media on the growth rate of Pocillopora corals were significant differences between structures given an electric current and those not given an electric current with a 95% confidence interval. The average growth value of Pocillopora corals given an electric current is 25.06 mm/month. While the Pocillopora corals that were not given an electric current average growth value was 16.50 mm/month.Keywords:Coral reefCoral transplantElectrical stimulationPocilloporaImagej

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