scholarly journals NEURONAL CONTROL OF CILIARY LOCOMOTION IN A GASTROPOD VELIGER (CALLIOSTOMA)

1987 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. ARKETT ◽  
G. O. MACKIE ◽  
C. L. SINGLA
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Control ◽  
Gastropod Veliger ◽  
Ciliary Locomotion

scholarly journals Neuronal coordination of motile cilia in locomotion and feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20190165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Marinković ◽  
Jürgen Berger ◽  
Gáspár Jékely
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Control ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Control ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Motile Cilia ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ciliary Locomotion

Efficient ciliary locomotion and transport require the coordination of motile cilia. Short-range coordination of ciliary beats can occur by biophysical mechanisms. Long-range coordination across large or disjointed ciliated fields often requires nervous system control and innervation of ciliated cells by ciliomotor neurons. The neuronal control of cilia is best understood in invertebrate ciliated microswimmers, but similar mechanisms may operate in the vertebrate body. Here, we review how the study of aquatic invertebrates contributed to our understanding of the neuronal control of cilia. We summarize the anatomy of ciliomotor systems and the physiological mechanisms that can alter ciliary activity. We also discuss the most well-characterized ciliomotor system, that of the larval annelid Platynereis . Here, pacemaker neurons drive the rhythmic activation of cholinergic and serotonergic ciliomotor neurons to induce ciliary arrests and beating. The Platynereis ciliomotor neurons form a distinct part of the larval nervous system. Similar ciliomotor systems likely operate in other ciliated larvae, such as mollusc veligers. We discuss the possible ancestry and conservation of ciliomotor circuits and highlight how comparative experimental approaches could contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and function of ciliary systems. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport’.

Membrane transduction pathway in the neuronal control of protein secretion by the albumen gland in Helisoma (Mollusca)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. M. Saleuddin ◽  
S. T. Mukai ◽  
K. Almeida ◽  
G. Hatiras
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Albumen Gland ◽  
Neuronal Control

Neuronal Control of Microvessels

1980 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Control

scholarly journals Static analysis of a torsion motor generating flexion - extension motions of the elbow

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 07005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudor Deaconescu ◽  
Andrea Deaconescu
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Biological Model ◽  
Neuronal Control ◽  
Pneumatic Muscles ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Static Behaviour

The paper presents the construction and static analysis of a rotation module responsible for conducting flexion-extension motions as part of a medical rehabilitation device of the elbow. The rotation module is actuated by a torsion motor consisting of a pair of agonist-antagonist pneumatic muscles. The study concerning the static behaviour of the rotation module draws upon similarity to the biological model, considering the influence of the neuronal control quantities on the forces developed by the two muscles.

Evidence for neuronal control of ion transport in chironomid larvae

Nature ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 254 (5498) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER F. CREDLAND
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Neuronal Control

scholarly journals Ciliomotor circuitry underlying whole-body coordination of ciliary activity in the Platynereis larva

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Verasztó ◽  
Nobuo Ueda ◽  
Luis A. Bezares-Calderón ◽  
Aurora Panzera ◽  
Elizabeth A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Stop And Go ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Platynereis Dumerilii ◽  
Catecholaminergic Cells ◽  
Ciliary Locomotion

AbstractCiliated surfaces harbouring synchronously beating cilia can generate fluid flow or drive locomotion. In ciliary swimmers, ciliary beating, arrests, and changes in beat frequency are often coordinated across extended or discontinuous surfaces. To understand how such coordination is achieved, we studied the ciliated larvae of Platynereis dumerilii, a marine annelid. Platynereis larvae have segmental multiciliated cells that regularly display spontaneous coordinated ciliary arrests. We used whole-body connectomics, activity imaging, transgenesis, and neuron ablation to characterize the ciliomotor circuitry. We identified cholinergic, serotonergic, and catecholaminergic ciliomotor neurons. The synchronous rhythmic activation of cholinergic cells drives the coordinated arrests of all cilia. The serotonergic cells are active when cilia are beating. Serotonin inhibits the cholinergic rhythm, and increases ciliary beat frequency. Based on their connectivity and alternating activity, the catecholaminergic cells may generate the rhythm. The ciliomotor circuitry thus constitutes a stop-and-go pacemaker system for the whole-body coordination of ciliary locomotion.

scholarly journals Help Tetraplegic People by Means of a Computational Neuronal Control System

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Moreno ◽  
Oswaldo Morales ◽  
Ricardo Tejeida ◽  
America Gonzalez ◽  
Dario Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Neuronal Control
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