scholarly journals SALT AND WATER BALANCE IN TWO MARINE SPIDER CRABS,LIBINIA EMARGINATAANDPUGETTIA PRODUCTA.I. URINE PRODUCTION AND MAGNESIUM REGULATION

1979 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN C. CORNELL
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Magnesium Regulation ◽  
Salt And Water Balance

Salt and water balance of modern baleen whales: rate of urine production and food intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kjeld
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Salt And Water Balance

Whales, as pelagic marine mammals, are thought to have evolved from fresh-water-dependent terrestrial mammals. Baleen whales feed primarily on salty euphausiids (krill) and have no access to fresh water. How have these mammals adapted to lifelong habitation in a hyperosmotic medium? A new approach is proposed for studying this by using allometry (scaling) of endogenous creatinine clearance in mammals together with determinations of creatinine concentration in fresh postmortem blood and urine of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis). From the predicted mean creatinine-clearance values and the measured mean creatinine concentrations, a urine-production rates of 974 and 627 L/day for the fin and sei whales, respectively, were computed. Average daily krill ingestion of about 1300 and 835 L is predicted for the fin and sei whales, respectively. The whales seem to ingest about 30% more than earlier reported of a prey, which has about 50% of the salt concentration of seawater, thus maintaining the salt and water balance with a minimum of 1–2% seawater ingestion. The method used to estimate the above volumes could be a valuable tool in further studies of the water and salt balance of the large baleen whales, which may not have the same osmoregulatory control mechanisms as the smaller Odontoceti.

Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial

The Lancet ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 359 (9320) ◽  
pp. 1812-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileep N Lobo ◽  
Kate A Bostock ◽  
Keith R Neal ◽  
Alan C Perkins ◽  
Brain J Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Colonic Resection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Salt And Water Balance ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Salt and water balance and renin activity in renal hypertension of rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Mohring ◽  
B Mohring ◽  
H-J Naumann ◽  
A Philippi ◽  
E Homsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Salt And Water Balance ◽  
Renal Artery Constriction

In male Sprague-Dawley rats, renal artery constriction in the presence of an inact contralateral kidney induced sodium retention (for 2-3 wk), moderate potassium loss,elevation of blood volume (BV), and an increase in water turnover. It is suggestedthat renal artery constriction activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in disordered regulation of salt and water balance and in blood pressure (BP) elevation. Subsequently, sodium balance was reestablished in one group of hypertensive rats. The previously retained sodium was kept in the body, and BV and reninactivity remained elevated. In a second group of animals, a malignant course of hypertension developed: BP surpassed a critical level of about 180 mmHg; sodium, potassium, and water were lost; BV declined; renin activity was further stimulated; and in the contralateral kidney malignant nephrosclerosis occurred. It is assumed that pressure diuresis and natriuresis induce a vicious circle: the increasing renin activity may maintain or further increase BP level, therby inducing further salt and water loss, etc.; high BP levels and high renin activities induce vascular damage and deterioration of renal function.

Salt and Water Balance in Salmon Smolts

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564
Author(s):  
W. T. W. POTTS ◽  
MARGARET A. FOSTER ◽  
J. W. STATHER
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Exchange Diffusion ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Salt And Water Balance

1. Salmon smolts adapted to sea water maintain a high rate of turnover of both sodium and chloride, but when adapted to fresh water the rate of turnover is low. 2. Only a small part of the influx takes place through the gut. 3. On immediate transfer from sea water to dilute sea water or to fresh water the influxes decline rapidly, but on transfer from fresh water to sea water the restoration of the fluxes takes place slowly. 4. The alternative hypotheses that the rapid changes are due to exchange diffusion or to rapid adjustments of the sodium pump are discussed.

Angiotensin Actions on the Brain Influencing Salt and Water Balance

2004 ◽  
pp. 115-139
Author(s):  
M. J. McKinley ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
M. L. Mathai ◽  
B. J. Oldfield ◽  
R. S. Weisinger
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Salt And Water Balance ◽  
The Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document