scholarly journals LIFE HISTORY AND PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS OF THE NEMERTEANPARANEMERTES PEREGRINACOE

1976 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAMELA ROE
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predator Prey

scholarly journals Evolution in interacting species alters predator life-history traits, behaviour and morphology in experimental microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1928) ◽  
pp. 20200652
Author(s):  
Johannes Cairns ◽  
Felix Moerman ◽  
Emanuel A. Fronhofer ◽  
Florian Altermatt ◽  
Teppo Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Evolving Systems ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Evolutionary Response

Predator–prey interactions heavily influence the dynamics of many ecosystems. An increasing body of evidence suggests that rapid evolution and coevolution can alter these interactions, with important ecological implications, by acting on traits determining fitness, including reproduction, anti-predatory defence and foraging efficiency. However, most studies to date have focused only on evolution in the prey species, and the predator traits in (co)evolving systems remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated changes in predator traits after approximately 600 generations in a predator–prey (ciliate–bacteria) evolutionary experiment. Predators independently evolved on seven different prey species, allowing generalization of the predator's evolutionary response. We used highly resolved automated image analysis to quantify changes in predator life history, morphology and behaviour. Consistent with previous studies, we found that prey evolution impaired growth of the predator, although the effect depended on the prey species. By contrast, predator evolution did not cause a clear increase in predator growth when feeding on ancestral prey. However, predator evolution affected morphology and behaviour, increasing size, speed and directionality of movement, which have all been linked to higher prey search efficiency. These results show that in (co)evolving systems, predator adaptation can occur in traits relevant to foraging efficiency without translating into an increased ability of the predator to grow on the ancestral prey type.

scholarly journals Early life-history predator-prey reversal in two cyprinid fishes

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Šmejkal ◽  
Roman Baran ◽  
Petr Blabolil ◽  
Lukáš Vejřík ◽  
Marie Prchalová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Cyprinid Fishes

Estuarine predator—prey interactions in the early life history of two eels (Anguilla rostrata and Conger oceanicus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Musumeci ◽  
Kenneth W. Able ◽  
Mark C. Sullivan ◽  
Jennifer M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Fish life history dynamics: shifts in prey size structure evoke shifts in predator maturation traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Shuter ◽  
Henrique C. Giacomini ◽  
Derrick de Kerckhove ◽  
Kris Vascotto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Predator Prey

A bioenergetic framework is developed to predict optimal life history responses to environmentally driven changes in the rate of energy production by a predator. This framework is used to predict the responses of age at maturation, size at maturation, and asymptotic size to changes in the predator–prey size ratio. Predators feeding on relatively smaller prey (i.e., having larger predator–prey size ratios) have lower growth efficiency and are predicted as a consequence to mature earlier, at smaller sizes, and reach smaller asymptotic sizes. This prediction was tested using a 78-year time series (1936–2013) of data from a natural population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Opeongo, Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada. A large decrease in the predator–prey size ratio for this population occurred over the period 1950–1965 when a preferred prey (cisco, Coregonus artedii) was introduced to the lake. This decrease was followed by ∼20 years of constancy in the size ratio and then 25 years of progressive increase. Lake trout life history responded plastically during both periods and consistently with our predictions. Extensive analysis of available data provided little empirical support for alternative explanations for the observed changes in lake trout size and maturity (e.g., changes in cisco and (or) lake trout density and harvest rates). The framework developed here derives plastic life history changes from fixed developmental thresholds that are based on the scaling of net production with body size and can be used to predict the shape of maturation reaction norms for the major shifts in community structure that are compactly summarized by changes in size spectrum parameters.

Life-history traits buffer against heat wave effects on predator-prey dynamics in zooplankton

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4747-4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Pablo Urrutia-Cordero ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Hong Geng ◽  
Fernando Chaguaceda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Wave Effects

Secondary defences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme D. Ruxton ◽  
William L. Allen ◽  
Thomas N. Sherratt ◽  
Michael P. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Selection Of

In this chapter we consider defences that are usually deployed during, or just before, contact between a prey and its predator: so-called ‘secondary’ defences. Secondary defences are found right across the tree of life and therefore come in very many forms, including: 1.) chemical defences; 2.) mechanical defences; and 3.) behavioural defences. Here we review selected examples that provide useful illustrations of the ecological and evolutionary characteristics associated with secondary defences. We discuss costs of secondary defences, placing emphasis on the consequences of such costs, especially as they relate to forms of social interaction. We show also that the acquisition of secondary defences may modify niche, life history, and habitat range of prey animals and review a well-known and significant study of predator–prey co-evolution of defensive toxins of prey and resistance to those toxins in predators. We include a small selection of examples and ideas from the plant and microbe defence literature where we think a broader perspective is helpful. We begin the chapter by considering the evolutionary mechanisms that favour secondary defence evolution.

Use of Macroinvertebrate Life History Information in Toxicity Tests

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Buikema Jr. ◽  
Ernest F. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Design Sensitivity ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
End Points ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Substrate Current ◽  
History Information

Life history information of macroinvertebrates is an important variable to consider when interpreting the results of toxicity tests. The importance of life history information has been recognized in the culturing of macroinvertebrates, but only in the last 5 yr has emphasis been placed on using this information in the design of acute and chronic toxicity tests. Sensitivity of organisms to toxicants is affected by nutrition, physiological requirements, behavior, predator–prey interactions, substrate, current, and light. There is need to integrate these, and other variables, to produce more defensible tests. Some features of life history may be used as end points in tests. Key words: macroinvertebrates, life history, toxicity, tests, design, sensitivity

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