scholarly journals THE JUVENILE HORMONE. II. ITS ROLE IN THE ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF MOLTING, PUPATION, AND ADULT DEVELOPMENT IN THE CECROPIA SILKWORM

1961 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARROLL M. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Endocrine Control

Broad specifies pupal development and mediates the ‘status quo’ action of juvenile hormone on the pupal-adult transformation inDrosophilaandManduca

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 2259-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhou ◽  
Lynn M. Riddiford
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insect Metamorphosis ◽  
Adult Transformation ◽  
Late Expression ◽  
Pupal Cuticle

The understanding of the molecular basis of the endocrine control of insect metamorphosis has been hampered by the profound differences in responses of the Lepidoptera and the Diptera to juvenile hormone (JH). In both Manduca and Drosophila, the broad (br) gene is expressed in the epidermis during the formation of the pupa, but not during adult differentiation. Misexpression of BR-Z1 during either a larval or an adult molt of Drosophila suppressed stage-specific cuticle genes and activated pupal cuticle genes, showing that br is a major specifier of the pupal stage. Treatment with a JH mimic at the onset of the adult molt causes br re-expression and the formation of a second pupal cuticle in Manduca, but only in the abdomen of Drosophila. Expression of the BR isoforms during adult development of Drosophila suppressed bristle and hair formation when induced early or redirected cuticle production toward the pupal program when induced late. Expression of BR-Z1 at both of these times mimicked the effect of JH application but, unlike JH, it caused production of a new pupal cuticle on the head and thorax as well as on the abdomen. Consequently, the ‘status quo’ action of JH on the pupal-adult transformation is mediated by the JH-induced re-expression of BR.

Juvenile Hormone Metabolism During Adult Development of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Lassiter ◽  
Charles S. Apperson ◽  
Catherine L. Crawford ◽  
R. Michael Roe
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Metabolism

Metabolism of Juvenile Hormone During Adult Development of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnappa Venkatesh ◽  
R. Michael Roe ◽  
Charles S. Apperson ◽  
Daniel E. Sonenshine ◽  
Martin E. Schriefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis

scholarly journals E93 expression and links to the juvenile hormone in hemipteran mealybugs with insights on female neoteny

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Mifom Vea ◽  
Sayumi Tanaka ◽  
Tomohiro Tsuji ◽  
Takahiro Shiotsuki ◽  
Akiya Jouraku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
List Type ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Male Development ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Mimic ◽  
Insect Metamorphosis

AbstractInsect metamorphosis generates reproductive adults and is commonly accompanied by the direct or indirect development of wings. In some winged insects, the imago is altered by life history changes. For instance, in scale insects and mealybugs, reproductive females retain juvenile features and are wingless. The transcription factor E93 triggers metamorphosis and plays in concert with the juvenile hormone pathway to guarantee the successful transition from juvenile to adult. We previously provided evidence of an atypical down-regulation of the juvenile hormone pathway during female adult development in the Japanese mealybug. Here, we further investigate how E93 is involved in the production of neotenic wingless females, by identifying its isoforms, assessing their expression patterns and evaluating the effect of exogenous juvenile hormone mimic treatment on E93. This study identifies three E93 isoforms on the 5’ end based on Japanese mealybug cDNA and shows that female development occurs with the near absence of E93 transcripts, as opposed to male metamorphosis. Additionally, while male development is typically affected by exogenous juvenile hormone mimic treatments, females seem to remain insensitive to the treatment, and up-regulation of the juvenile hormone signaling is not observed. Furthermore, juvenile hormone mimic treatment on female nymphs did not have obvious effect on E93 transcription, while treatment on male prepupae resulted in decreased E93 transcripts. In this study, we emphasize the importance of examining cases of atypical metamorphosis as complementary systems to provide a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms underlying insect metamorphosis. For instance, the factors regulating the expression of E93 are largely unclear. Investigating the regulatory mechanism of E93 transcription could provide clues towards identifying the factors that induce or suppress E93 transcription, in turn triggering male adult development or female neoteny.Graphical abstractHighlights- Neotenic female Planococcus kraunhiae (Japanese mealybug) develops with low E93 expression.- E93 expression pattern during male development is typical to other insects.- Juvenile hormone mimic treatment on male prepupae results in decreased E93 transcripts.- Juvenile hormone mimic treatment on female nymphs does not have obvious effects on E93 transcription.- Female mealybugs have low sensitivity to juvenile hormone mimic treatments compared to males and other insects.

scholarly journals JUVENILE HORMONE AND THE ADULT DEVELOPMENT OFDROSOPHILA

1974 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. POSTLETHWAIT
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development

Hormonal control of ovarian development and metamorphosis in Malacosoma pluviale

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Mimic

Simplified preparations, such as isolated abdomens, were used to study the effect of farnesyl methyl ether (a juvenile hormone mimic) and ecdysone on ovarian development and adult development in Malacosoma pluviale. Untreated isolated abdomens showed very limited ovarian development and failed to form imaginal cuticle, thus indicating a lack of adult development. Topical application of farnesyl methyl ether to the isolated abdomens blocked the ovarian development completely and no adult development ensued either. Both adult development and ovarian development of the isolated abdomens were stimulated by ecdysone injections. Thus, adult development and ovarian development in M. pluviale seem to be closely related.

scholarly journals TGF-β signaling in insects regulates metamorphosis via juvenile hormone biosynthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (20) ◽  
pp. 5634-5639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyasu Ishimaru ◽  
Sayuri Tomonari ◽  
Yuji Matsuoka ◽  
Takahito Watanabe ◽  
Katsuyuki Miyawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

Although butterflies undergo a dramatic morphological transformation from larva to adult via a pupal stage (holometamorphosis), crickets undergo a metamorphosis from nymph to adult without formation of a pupa (hemimetamorphosis). Despite these differences, both processes are regulated by common mechanisms that involve 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH). JH regulates many aspects of insect physiology, such as development, reproduction, diapause, and metamorphosis. Consequently, strict regulation of JH levels is crucial throughout an insect’s life cycle. However, it remains unclear how JH synthesis is regulated. Here, we report that in the corpora allata of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, Myoglianin (Gb’Myo), a homolog of Drosophila Myoglianin/vertebrate GDF8/11, is involved in the down-regulation of JH production by suppressing the expression of a gene encoding JH acid O-methyltransferase, Gb’jhamt. In contrast, JH production is up-regulated by Decapentaplegic (Gb’Dpp) and Glass-bottom boat/60A (Gb’Gbb) signaling that occurs as part of the transcriptional activation of Gb’jhamt. Gb’Myo defines the nature of each developmental transition by regulating JH titer and the interactions between JH and 20E. When Gb’myo expression is suppressed, the activation of Gb’jhamt expression and secretion of 20E induce molting, thereby leading to the next instar before the last nymphal instar. Conversely, high Gb’myo expression induces metamorphosis during the last nymphal instar through the cessation of JH synthesis. Gb’myo also regulates final insect size. Because Myo/GDF8/11 and Dpp/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/4-Gbb/BMP5–8 are conserved in both invertebrates and vertebrates, the present findings provide common regulatory mechanisms for endocrine control of animal development.

scholarly journals Where did the pupa come from? The timing of juvenile hormone signalling supports homology between stages of hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1783) ◽  
pp. 20190064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jindra
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Insect Metamorphosis ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Complete Metamorphosis ◽  
Hormone Signalling

Insect metamorphosis boasts spectacular cases of postembryonic development when juveniles undergo massive morphogenesis before attaining the adult form and function; in moths or flies the larvae do not even remotely resemble their adult parents. A selective advantage of complete metamorphosis (holometaboly) is that within one species the two forms with different lifestyles can exploit diverse habitats. It was the environmental adaptation and specialization of larvae, primarily the delay and internalization of wing development, that eventually required an intermediate stage that we call a pupa. It is a long-held and parsimonious hypothesis that the holometabolous pupa evolved through modification of a final juvenile stage of an ancestor developing through incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetaboly). Alternative hypotheses see the pupa as an equivalent of all hemimetabolous moulting cycles (instars) collapsed into one, and consider any preceding holometabolous larval instars free-living embryos stalled in development. Discoveries on juvenile hormone signalling that controls metamorphosis grant new support to the former hypothesis deriving the pupa from a final pre-adult stage. The timing of expression of genes that repress and promote adult development downstream of hormonal signals supports homology between postembryonic stages of hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of complete metamorphosis’.

Endocrine control of caste differentiation in Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen (Isoptera)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1701-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ming Yin ◽  
Cedric Gillott
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Caste Differentiation ◽  
Corpus Allatum ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Reproductive Differentiation ◽  
Zootermopsis Angusticollis ◽  
Supplementary Reproductives

The effect of injection of Röller's juvenile hormone (JH) or farnesyl methyl ether (FME) on differentiation of supplementary reproductives and presoldiers of Zootermopsis angusticollis has been studied. Early in the stadium (that is, during the competence period) Röller's JH and FME inhibit differentiation. When injected after the competence period the substances do not alter the rate of supplementary reproductive differentiation in orphaned colonies but enhance presoldier differentiation in soldierless colonies provided that there is a sufficient number of supplementary reproductives present.A modified version of Lüscher's (1960) hypothesis for the endocrine control of caste differentiation is proposed. It is suggested that all the developmental possibilities that exist in the termite colony can be explained on the basis of a single corpus allatum hormone produced in different quantities and at different times within the stadium.

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