METHYLENE BLUE, POTASSIUM CYANIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE AS INDICATORS FOR STUDYING THE OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF DEVELOPING MARINE EGGS

1943 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATILDA MOLDENHAUER BROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF THE BACTERIOSTATIC ACTION OF CERTAIN DYES TO OXIDATION-REDUCTION PROCESSES

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Bacteriostatic Action ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

Oxidized indophenols and methylene blue are bacteriostatic for Pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococci of human and bovine origin, while the indigoes, malachite green and litmus are not toxic. 2-Chloroindophenol, the most positive of the indicators of oxidation-reduction potentials used, is also the only one to have a bacteriostatic action on cheese strains of Streptococcus hæmolyticus. Methylene blue and the indophenols are no longer bacteriostatic when present in a reduced form in a medium capable of maintaining them in such a condition. A comparison of these results with the growth in plain broth of the organisms studied suggests that the "inhibiting" dyes "poise" the medium at an oxidation potential outside the range in which the inhibited organisms can grow.

scholarly journals THE ROÔLE OF CARBOHYDRATES IN BIOLOGICAL OXIDATIONS AND REDUCTIONS. EXPERIMENTS WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS

1929 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Dubos
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Glucose System ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Reduction Scale

The reducing power of plain broth cultures of Pneumococcus is largely dependent upon the presence in the medium at the time when the reduction test is performed of certain metabolites. The washed cells of Pneumococcus are able to reduce the various indicators of oxidation-reduction potentials in the presence of glucose. The relative velocity of reduction of these indicators is determined by the number of cells used in the test, the concentration of the dyes, and their position in the oxidation reduction scale. Oxidized thiol compounds (glutathione, cystine, oxidized thioglycollic acid) are likewise rapidly reduced by glucose in the presence of washed cells of Pneumococcus. This Pneumococcus-glucose system is able to form peroxide under aerobic conditions. Those substances which form peroxide in the presence of Pneumococcus cells are also the ones which Cole found to be active in changing hemoglobin into methemoglobin under the same conditions. The power of washed cells of Pneumococcus to reduce methylene blue in the presence of glucose is dependent on at least 2 constituents: one which can be readily removed from the cell by washing. Sugar-free meat infusion will function instead of it. The other is inactivated more slowly by the process of washing and is destroyed by 10 minutes heating at 55°C. The interreaction between the glucose and the cell seems to result in a fundamental reaction in which one molecule of glucose becomes able to reduce rapidly one molecule of methylene blue. The existence of side-reactions often obscures this ratio. The significance of these observations is considered in relation to the nature and mechanism of the "activation" of metabolites, the preparation of synthetic media, the phenomena of growth, and the meaning of the expression "reducing power of a bacterial culture."

MEASUREMENT OF OXIDATION–REDUCTION CONDITIONS IN WHEAT LEAF SAP BY A POTENTIOMETRIC METHOD

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Kaul ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
New System

Extracts from primary leaves of Little Club wheat, prepared under anaerobic conditions, gave oxidation–reduction potentials in the range of −180 mv to −140 mv at pH 6 when measured potentiometrically with prepolarized platinum electrodes. These poorly poised potentials are believed to represent a flavin system. By mixing mediators (e.g. methylene blue and riboflavin) with the extracts stable average potentials were achieved. These ranged from −70 to +70 mv. Coleoptiles and very young primary leaves exhibited relatively low average potentials, which climbed to a steady level in 8 to 10 days after sowing. This change was accompanied by a quantitative shift between three poising systems found in the leaves by redox titrations. The results suggested that ascorbic acid becomes the dominating redox system in extracts from mature leaves. At senescence, indicated by yellowing, a new system dominates the redox background. This exhibited quinonic properties.

scholarly journals Studies on the Oxidation-Reduction Potentials of Heme Proteins

1965 ◽  
Vol 240 (8) ◽  
pp. 3317-3324
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brunori ◽  
Jeffries Wyman ◽  
Eraldo Antonini ◽  
Alessandro Rossi-Fanelli
Keyword(s):  
Heme Proteins ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction

scholarly journals SULFHYDRYL OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS DERIVED FROM THERMAL DATA

1937 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-308
Author(s):  
Henry Borsook ◽  
Emory L. Ellis ◽  
Hugh M. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Thermal Data ◽  
Sulfhydryl Oxidation

scholarly journals OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF THE METHEMOGLOBIN-HEMOGLOBIN SYSTEM

1939 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fuller Taylor ◽  
A. Baird Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction
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