A Chromatoid Body Simulating an Accessory Chromosome in Pentatoma

1913 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Accessory Chromosome

scholarly journals KH-type splicing regulatory protein is a new component of chromatoid body

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Guishuan Wang ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xiaolin Liang ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The chromatoid body (CB) is a specific cloud-like structure in the cytoplasm of haploid spermatids. Recent findings indicate that CB is identified as a male germ cell-specific RNA storage and processing center, but its function has remained elusive for decades. In somatic cells, KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is involved in regulating gene expression and maturation of select microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the function of KSRP in spermatogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we showed that KSRP partly localizes in CB, as a component of CB. KSRP interacts with proteins (mouse VASA homolog (MVH), polyadenylate-binding protein 1 (PABP1) and polyadenylate-binding protein 2 (PABP2)), mRNAs (Tnp2 and Odf1) and microRNAs (microRNA-182) in mouse CB. Moreover, KSRP may regulate the integrity of CB via DDX5-miRNA-182 pathway. In addition, we found abnormal expressions of CB component in testes of Ksrp-knockout mice and of patients with hypospermatogenesis. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insight into the role of KSRP in spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals The ‘Chromatoid Body’ in Spermatogenesis

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (58) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
BHUPINDER N. SUD
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Primary Spermatocyte ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Basic Proteins ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
First Time

The chromatoid body was discovered by von Brunn (1876) in the cytoplasm of the young spermatid in the white rat. It was first described in a marsupial by KorfT (1902), in a vertebrate other than mammals by the Schreiners (1905, 1908), and in an invertebrate by Bösenberg (1905). The word chromatoide was first used in connexion with spermatogenesis by Benda (1891), who called this cytoplasmic inclusion der chromatoide Nebenkörper. The German authors generally call it der chromatoide Körper, the French authors corps chromatoïde. Wilson (1913) referred to it as the chromatoid body and it is generally given this name in papers written in English, though the expression ‘chromatic body’ is sometimes used. It is suggested that the ‘residual body’ described by Gresson and Zlotnik (1945) is identical with the chromatoid body of other authors. In most species the chromatoid body is spherical or ovoid but in some it assumes other forms as well and in a few it is never spherical or ovoid. The chromatoid body is usually single in each cell, but sometimes there are 2 or 3 and in a few there are many. In living cell the chromatoid body generally gives a low phase-change, and is invisible or almost invisible when studied by direct microscopy. In the Mammalia, however, it gives a higher phase-change. The chromatoid body is highly resistant to acetic acid. It is deeply stained by basic dyes and basic dye-lakes. It is also stained intensely by acid dyes. The chromatoid body cannot in most cases be blackened by silver or long osmication techniques. The histochemical reactions show that the chromatoid body consists mainly of RNA and basic proteins rich in arginine. There is little or no tyrosine. Lipid, carbohydrates, DNA, alkaline phosphatase, and calcium are not shown by histochemical techniques. As a rule the chromatoid body is homogeneous but in some cases it has a cortex and a medulla. In many cases it is surrounded by a clear, vacuole-like space. Under the electron microscope it has been seen as an opaque irregular body, as an irregular mass of closely aggregated, dense, osmiophil granules, or as a faintly electron-opaque body. The chromatoid body has so far been recorded in certain species of mammals, a bird, reptiles, cyclostomes, Crustacea, insects, and arachnids. In most cases it appears for the first time during the growth of the primary spermatocyte. Its presence in the spermatid has been recorded in practically all cases. With a few exceptions it has not been found to take any obvious part in the final make-up of the spermatozoon. The chromatoid body in most cases seems to disappear at the metaphases of meiosis and to be later reconstructed in the daughter cells. The chromatoid body probably originates from the ground cytoplasm. On the basis of histochemical studies it is tentatively suggested that the function of the chromatoid body may be to provide basic proteins for the final maturation of the chromatin in the nucleus of late spermatids. Certain authors have considered that a cytoplasmic inclusion occurring in the young (and in some cases mature) spermatozooids of certain liverworts, mosses, and a gymnosperm is to be regarded as the homologue of the chromatoid body. Reasons are given for denying this supposed homology.

scholarly journals Circadian Proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 in the Chromatoid Body, a RNA Processing Granule of Male Germ Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e42695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita L. Peruquetti ◽  
Sara de Mateo ◽  
Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
Male Germ Cells

scholarly journals Rapid Movements of the Chromatoid Body in Living Early Spermatids of the Rat1

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martti Parvinen ◽  
Pentti T. Jokelainen
Keyword(s):  
Chromatoid Body

scholarly journals Maybe repressed mRNAs are not stored in the chromatoid body in mammalian spermatids

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C Kleene ◽  
Danielle L Cullinane
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Mrna Localization ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Chromatoid Body ◽  
P Granules ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
And Function ◽  
Translational Apparatus

The chromatoid body is a dynamic organelle that is thought to coordinate the cytoplasmic regulation of mRNA translation and degradation in mammalian spermatids. The chromatoid body is also postulated to function in repression of mRNA translation by sequestering dormant mRNAs where they are inaccessible to the translational apparatus. This review finds no convincing evidence that dormant mRNAs are localized exclusively in the chromatoid body. This discrepancy can be explained by two hypotheses. First, experimental artifacts, possibly related to peculiarities of the structure and function of the chromatoid body, preclude obtaining an accurate indication of mRNA localization. Second, mRNA is not stored in the chromatoid body, because, like perinuclear P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans, the chromatoid body functions as a center for mRNP remodeling and export to other cytoplasmic sites.

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