THE HEREDITY OF EYE COLOR AND HAIR COLOR IN MAN

1909 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. HOLMES ◽  
H. M. LOOMIS
Keyword(s):  
Hair Color ◽  
Eye Color

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Its Association with Genetically Transmitted Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sultan Z. Alasmari ◽  
Nashwa Eisa ◽  
Saeed Mastour Alshahrani ◽  
Mohammad Mahtab Alam ◽  
Prasanna Rajagopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. Body mass index (BMI) is a metric widely used to measure the healthy weight of an individual and to predict a person’s risk of developing serious illnesses. Study the statistical association between genetically transmitted traits and BMI might be of interest. Objectives. The present study designed to extend the inadequate evidence concerning the influence of some genetically transmitted traits including ABO blood type, Rh factor, eye color, and hair color on BMI variation. Methods. A total of 142 undergraduate female students of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, were participated to investigate the possible linkage between genetic traits and BMI variations. Height and weight are collected from participants for BMI measurement. ABO blood type and Rh factor were determined by antisera. Results. Out of 142 female students, 48 were categorized in the first tertile (T1: less than 19.8 kg/m2), 50 were categorized in the second tertile (T2: between 19.8 and 23.7 kg/m2), and 44 were categorized in the third tertile (T3: greater than 23.7 kg/m2). Chi-square analysis shows that there were no associations of genetic traits including hair color, eye color, ABO blood type, and Rh blood type with BMI. However, a significant association between hair color and BMI was observed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Conclusions. Our data provides a more robust prediction of the relative influence of genetic effects such as hair color on BMI. Future studies may contribute to identifying more association between genes involved in hair pigmentation and BMI variation.

scholarly journals Health status by gender, hair color, and eye color: Red-haired women are the most divergent

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0190238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Frost ◽  
Karel Kleisner ◽  
Jaroslav Flegr
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Eye Color

scholarly journals Correcting subtle stratification in summary association statistics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhatia ◽  
Nicholas A. Furlotte ◽  
Po-Ru Loh ◽  
Xuanyao Liu ◽  
Hilary K. Finucane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Population Stratification ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Spurious Signals

AbstractPopulation stratification is a well-documented confounder in GWASes, and is often addressed by including principal component (PC) covariates computed from common SNPs (SNP-PCs). In our analyses of summary statistics from 36 GWASes (mean n=88k), including 20 GWASes using 23andMe data that included SNP-PC covariates, we observed a significantly inflated LD score regression (LDSC) intercept for several traits—suggesting that residual stratification remains a concern, even when SNPPC covariates are included.Here we propose a new method, PC loading regression, to correct for stratification in summary statistics by leveraging SNP loadings for PCs computed in a large reference panel. In addition to SNP-PCs, the method can be applied to haploSNP-PCs, i.e. PCs computed from a larger number of rare haplotype variants that better capture subtle structure. Using simulations based on real genotypes from 54,000 individuals of diverse European ancestry from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, we show that PC loading regression effectively corrects for stratification along top PCs.We applied PC loading regression to several traits with inflated LDSC intercepts. Correcting for the top four SNP-PCs in GERA data, we observe a significant reduction in LDSC intercept height summary statistics from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium, but not for 23andMe summary statistics, which already included SNP-PC covariates. However, when correcting for additional haploSNP-PCs in 23andMe GWASes, inflation in the LDSC intercept was eliminated for eye color, hair color, and skin color and substantially reduced for height (1.41 to 1.16; n=430k). Correcting for haploSNP-PCs in GIANT height summary statistics eliminated inflation in the LDSC intercept (from 1.35 to 1.00; n=250k), eliminating 27 significant association signals including one at the LCT locus, which is highly differentiated among European populations and widely known to produce spurious signals. Overall, our results suggest that uncorrected population stratification is a concern in GWASes of large sample size and that PC loading regression can correct for this stratification.

Eye Color, Hair Color, Blood Type, and the Rhesus Factor: Exploring Possible Genetic Links to Sexual Orientation

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ellis ◽  
Christopher Ficek ◽  
Donald Burke ◽  
Shyamal Das
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Rhesus Factor

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the human remains of the burials of the 17th–18th centuries of the Corpus Christi Church in Nesvizh (Belarus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
M. N. Shapturenko ◽  
A. V. Lugovnjov ◽  
S. R. Borovko ◽  
M. M. Pamazanau ◽  
S. I. Vakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Light Skin ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
High Degree

During archaeological excavation in the territory of the Corpus Christi Church in Nesvizh, the regular burials dated to the 17th–18th centuries were discovered. The genetic material extracted from the bones of seven unidentified individuals was analyzed using the forensic genetics approaches, including STR profiling and DNA phenotyping. The genetic examination revealed that the remains of three samples (#1, #2, #6) belonged to women, and the four others (#3, #4, #5, and #7) belonged to men. Autosomal STR-data and Y-chromosomal profiles were obtained for five samples. The kinship analysis excluded that woman #1 and men #3, #4, #5, #7 were first-degree relatives. According to the Y-STR profiles, men #3, #4, #7 referred to the haplogroup R1a, the haplotype of individual #5 corresponded to I2. The both haplogroups are widely represented in Eastern Europe, which, with a high degree of probability, suggests the Slavic origin of the individuals under investigation. To predict eye and hair color, we used the HIrisPlex DNA phenotyping system. The analysis gave the satisfactory results for woman #1 and man #7. In correspondence to the allelic variants of the 24 SNP system, woman #1 had an intermediate type of iris pigmentation and dark blond hair (p = 0.635) with dark shade (0.639), light skin tone, low tendency to sunburn, and a high probability of freckles and pigmented spots of the skin. For male #7, the HIrisPlex model predicted blue eye color with a high probability (p = 0.915), as well as blond hair color (p = 0.915) and light hair color shade (p = 0.962). Our data allow us to conclude that the unknown individuals under investigation have significant genetical and phenotypical similarity with the modern Belarusian population.

scholarly journals Health Status by Gender, Hair Color, and Eye Color: Red-Haired Women are the Most Divergent with the Lowest Viability and the Highest Fertility

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Frost ◽  
K. Kleisner ◽  
J. Flegr
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Black Hair ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackgroundRed hair is associated with pain sensitivity, and more so in women than in men. Hair redness may thus interact with a female-specific factor. We tested this hypothesis on a large sample of Czech and Slovak respondents. They were asked about the natural redness and darkness of their hair, their natural eye color, their physical and mental health (24 categories), and other personal attributes (height, weight, number of children, lifelong number of sexual partners, frequency of smoking).ResultsWe found that red-haired women did worse than other women in ten health categories and better in only three. In particular, they were more prone to colorectal, cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Cancer risk increased steadily with increasing hair redness except for the reddest shade. Red-haired men showed a balanced pattern of health effects, doing better than other men in three categories and worse in three. Number of children was the only category where both male and female redheads did better than other respondents. We also confirmed earlier findings that red hair is naturally more frequent in women than in men.ConclusionRed-haired women had higher fecundity and sexual attractiveness, but this selective advantage seems offset by worse health outcomes and therefore lower viability. The resulting equilibrium between these two counterbalancing forces might explain why red hair has remained less common than other hair and eye colors. Of the ‘new’ hair and eye colors, red hair diverges the most from the ancestral state of black hair and brown eyes. It is the most sexually dimorphic variant, not only in population frequency but also in health outcomes. This sexual dimorphism seems to have resulted from a selection pressure that acted primarily on early European women and which led to a general and apparently rapid diversification of hair and eye colors.

The Early Achievement of Modern Stature in America

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Sokoloff ◽  
Georgia C. Villaflor
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
French And Indian War ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Indian War ◽  
Military Rank ◽  
The Military

The military records used in this article, referred to as muster rolls or descriptive lists, are predominantly from the years of the French and Indian War (1756–1763) and the American Revolution (1775–1783), and pertain to the soldiers of the American Colonies. Such lists were compiled for most colonial military forces, typically by individual companies or regiments, and provided the basis for distributing supplies and payments, as well as for aiding in the identification of deserters. Since there was no standard format, the information appearing in the muster rolls varies widely. Lists have been retrieved that included for each soldier some, but never all, of the following information: place of birth, age, place of residence, occupation, height, hair color, eye color, complexion, place and date of enlistment, military rank, by whom enlisted, language spoken, term of service, pay scale, and assorted remarks relevant to military service. We have also colected a sample of U.S. Army muster rolls for those recruits who enlisted during the period 1815–1820. These lists are of a similar lature to those of the earlier era, except that they are much more uniform with regard to the information included. Very few individuals under the age of 16 enlisted in the military, making it difficult to utilize these data for studying adolescent growth spurts. Accordingly, the analysis of the height-by-age data in this article will focus on the terminal heights achieved.

Assessment of Predictors of Sun Sensitivity as Defined by Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype in an Ecuadorian Population and Its Correlation with Skin Damage

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Falcon ◽  
Martha Fors ◽  
Santiago Palacios Alvarez ◽  
Karla Veintimilla ◽  
Nélida Lasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Color ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Sun Sensitivity ◽  
Skin Phototype

Background: The Fitzpatrick skin phototype scale (FSPTS) is a widely used instrument to assess skin type. Methods: A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 254 subjects from Quito regarding self-reported FSPTS, gender, age, education, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if ethnicity, hair color, and eye color significantly predict FSPTS. In addition, we studied the correlation between FSPTS and the SCINEXA scale with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Ethnicity, eye color, and hair color are significant independent predictors of FSPTS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patient self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are inaccurate predictors of sun sensitivity as defined by Fitzpatrick skin phototype. Our study does not fully represent the population of the country. There are limitations to using patient-reported race and appearance in predicting individual sunburn risk.

Major genes of eye color and hair color linked to LU and SE

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. ElBERG ◽  
J. MOHR
Keyword(s):  
Hair Color ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Eye Color
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