Enforcement Costs and Trademark Puzzles

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Bone
Keyword(s):  
Enforcement Costs

scholarly journals Accounting for enforcement costs in the spatial allocation of marine zones

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Davis ◽  
Marit Kragt ◽  
Stefan Gelcich ◽  
Steven Schilizzi ◽  
David Pannell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Allocation ◽  
Enforcement Costs

Research on Trade Model of Transaction Costs Based on Ecommerce

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xue Yang
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Information Costs ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
To Come ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

Transaction cost is one of these costs, but mostly mentioned with trade barriers. The trade barrier, also called tariff barracks or non- tariff barracks, focus on the problems that affect transactions in international trade. Transaction cost in economics can be defined as a cost incurred in making an economic exchange. There are a number of kinds of transaction cost have been researched by economists, “search and information costs” (such as those incurred in determining that the required good is available on the market, who has the lowest price.), “Bargaining costs” (the costs required to come to an acceptable agreement with the other party to the transaction, drawing up an appropriate contract and so on.), “Policing and enforcement costs” (the costs of making sure the other party sticks to the terms of the contract, and taking appropriate action if this turns out not to be the case.). Along with the fast development of e-commerce, a new kind of trade barriers, which is called e-commerce barrier, based on information technology appears quietly, in recent years. Though the emergence of this barracks does not been focused by world, it has profoundly affected international trade already.

Do Debt Contract Enforcement Costs Affect Financing and Asset Structure?

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2774-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Gopalan ◽  
Abhiroop Mukherjee ◽  
Manpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Debt Contract ◽  
Enforcement Costs

Civic Order and Contract Enforcement

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-167
Author(s):  
Taco Terpstra
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Contract Enforcement ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Single State ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This chapter looks at contract enforcement and transaction costs under the Roman Empire. The unification of the Mediterranean Basin by a single state ameliorated economic conditions in practical ways: monetary and metrological systems were standardized, removing costly barriers to trade. Legal rules were standardized as well, which held the potential for an even greater transaction-cost-reducing effect. However, without third-party enforcement, private means still had to be employed to enforce contracts. It is therefore not immediately clear why transacting parties would adopt the Roman legal system. The chapter then argues that contracts drawn up in accordance with imperial law and in the presence of witnesses were “publicly embedded,” which increased their enforceability and reduced enforcement costs. Indeed, this enforcement-enhancing effect was an “emergent property,” the result of legal, social, and ideological factors interacting in an undesigned and unintended fashion.

The Governance of Early Modern Trade: The Case of Hans Thijs, 1556–1611

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Gelderblom
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Enforcement Costs

In this article the organization of early modern trade is analyzed through a case study of the business of Hans Thijs, an Antwerp merchant who worked in Danzig and Amsterdam in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century. His career demonstrates how early modern merchants combined markets, personal relations, and firms to govern their transactions. The complementary relationships among these institutions helped to minimize information and enforcement costs. A comparison of Hans Thijs' business organization in Danzig (1585–1595) and in Amsterdam (1595–1611) shows that trade was governed more efficiently in markets of greater scale and scope.

scholarly journals Buprenorphine vs methadone treatment: A review of evidence in both developed and developing worlds

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J Whelan ◽  
Kimberly Remski
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Opioid Addiction ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
World Perspective

ABSTRACTHeroin dependence is a major health and social problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality that adversely affects social circumstances, productivity, and healthcare and law enforcement costs. In the UK and many other Western countries, both methadone and buprenorphine are recommended by the relevant agencies for detoxification from heroin and for opioid maintenance therapy. However, despite obvious benefits due to its unique pharmacotherapy (eg, greatly reduced risk of overdose), buprenorphine has largely failed to overtake methadone in managing opioid addiction. The experience from the developing world (based on data from India) is similar. In this article we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the use methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid addiction from both a developed and developing world perspective; and explore some of the reasons why buprenorphine has not fulfilled the expectations predicted by many in the addictions field.

Oligopoly Agreement and the Timing of American Railroad Construction

1982 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Knick Harley
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
American West ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Enforcement Costs

The railroads in the American West were constructed in a few concentrated building booms. This timing of construction resulted from the alternate creation and collapse of imperfect property rights to rights of way in partially settled areas. These “property rights” arose from strategic behavior within the railroad oligopoly. When enforcement costs of cooperative action were low, the railroads were able to create rents by avoiding construction ahead of demand. When enforcement became difficult, however, construction was the only way to capture rents on unbuilt lines so a construction boom ensued.

A Note on Drinking, Driving and Enforcement Costs

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Graves ◽  
Dwight R. Lee ◽  
Robert L. Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Enforcement Costs

scholarly journals A Quick and Inexpensive System for Resolving Digital Copyright Disputes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lemley
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Digital Copyright ◽  
P2p File Sharing ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
System P ◽  
Enforcement Costs ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

We have argued elsewhere that peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing posessignificant new challenges to the enforcement of copyright law. Copyrightowners' initial response to these challenges - to try to shut down thetechnologies that facilitate file sharing - is bad for society. Wesuggested that it would be preferable to lower enforcement costs forcopyright owners by making dispute resolution by copyright owners againstdirect infringers quick and cheap, so that copyright owners would be moreinclined to pursue such direct infringers instead of suing innovators.While enforcement costs are likely always to be too great to allow pursuitof every infringer, lower costs would allow for enforcement against moreinfringers, increasing any given infringer's chance of being sued. In thisarticle, we explain how such a dispute resolution system might work, andpropose a draft amendment to the copyright act to implement the system.

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