Articulating Learning Disabilities for the Public: A Case of Professional Riddles

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah C. Simmons ◽  
Edward J. Kameenui
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
General Public ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
Step Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

This investigation examined, through a survey of popular periodicals, the types and quantities of information that have been disseminated to the general public about learning disabilities. It was speculated that an analysis of these mainstream periodicals would provide practitioners and researchers with an insight into the kind of information that is being communicated to the public and, therefore, is likely serving to shape common perceptions of learning disabilities. A two-step process was utilized: (a) identification and selection of the most widely circulated articles on learning disabilities published from 1963 through 1984, and (b) analysis of the information contained in the articles to determine prevailing positions on etiologies and remedial interventions. The examination revealed that learning disabilities are viewed to be of neurophysiological origin and that remedial interventions should include multiple instructional methods and accommodate the individual aptitudes of the learner.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

Communicating about raising the retirement age using frames and counterframes

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Vyncke ◽  
Baldwin Van Gorp
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This study discusses the frames that were used in the public debate about raising the retirement age in Belgium from 65 to 67 years. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the prevailing frames in order to develop counterframes that are less problematizing and can be used to bring more nuance to the debate. Design/methodology/approach An inductive framing analysis was conducted, using articles from Flemish newspapers and magazines, published in a two-year period (March 2013-March 2015). This sample was complemented by a convenience sample of texts by various stakeholders. The total sample consisted of 182 texts. Findings The analysis yielded four problematizing frames and six deproblematizing counterframes. They cover both the meaning of work for the individual, and the effect that working longer has on society. Practical implications The overview of the frames can be used as a tool to analyze existing communication, and to bring more nuance to future communication by introducing deproblematizing perspectives into the debate regarding the need to work for a longer period of time. Originality/value In addition to giving an overview of existing frames, the study also constructed alternatives which can be used to deproblematize the issue of having to work longer.

Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-224
Author(s):  
Neha Sheth Pandit ◽  
Emily L. Heil
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Clinical Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Therapeutic Responses ◽  
Selection Of

Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to • Understand the basic principles of applied pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiretroviral agents, and apply this knowledge to improve individual patient treatment regimens. Understanding the basic principles of applied clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can help the clinician gain insight into contemporary HIV pharmacotherapy and improve therapeutic responses. This information can be used to improve antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for the individual patient by gaining a fundamental working knowledge of concepts that contribute to the occurrence of drug–drug interactions (DDIs), adverse drug reactions, poor adherence, decreased efficacy, and the selection of viral resistance. These factors, alone or in combination, can lead to treatment failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and subsequent progression of HIV disease. This chapter discusses some of the applied clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles that relate to the treatment of HIV....

scholarly journals Conditions for successful realization of choir teaching at younger school age

2020 ◽  
pp. 427-444
Author(s):  
Miona Ilić
Keyword(s):  
Choral Music ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
School Age ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

With its significance and benefits that it provides while children growing up, choral music deserves great attention. With this paper, we wanted to point out the elements that make the methodical approach in working with the choir of the younger grades of primary school unique. In order to provide conditions for the realization of choir teaching at a younger school age, the paper discusses the role of the conductor and presents the way of planning work with this type of choir, which includes the selection of compositions for work, as well as the choice of singers. This review article provides an insight into the methodical procedure used for learning new songs, and within which the relevant literature does not skip certain elements in working with the choir, such as proper breathing, warming up, preparation for public performance, and finally the public performance as the final goal towards which every work with the choir should be directed.

scholarly journals Professional Identity and the Determinants of Fundraisers’ Charitable Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-706
Author(s):  
Genevieve G. Shaker ◽  
Patrick M. Rooney ◽  
Jonathan Bergdoll ◽  
Sarah K. Nathan ◽  
Eugene R. Tempel
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
General Public ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Charitable Behavior ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

This survey-based study ( n = 1,663) addressed charitable behaviors of fundraisers—key arbiters of others’ donations. Our research question was as follows: Are fundraisers’ charitable behaviors related to their professional identity? We found several anticipated differences in giving and volunteering behaviors (and their social determinants) in comparison with the general public and the influence of some fundraising-specific variables. Nearly all the fundraisers gave time and money and were more like one another than the public. On average, they gave more money and donated a higher salary share than the typical household. They volunteered at a higher rate and, excluding outliers, more hours than the average American. We contend that fundraiser charitable behavior and professional identity are interwoven. The professional norms regarding personal philanthropy may also be influenced through the self-selection of the inherently philanthropic into fundraising. Future research should examine formation of fundraiser professional identity and its outcomes more broadly.

How missed temporal deadlines influence consumption behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Vallen ◽  
Lauren G. Block ◽  
Eric Eisenstein
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore how and why consumption behavior changes across time in reference to a temporal deadline, such as a meeting start time or scheduled appointment. Design/methodology/approach – The authors present findings from two experiments that manipulate distance to/from a deadline and assess behavioral intentions and consumer choice, both before a deadline is reached (i.e. the individual is early) and after a deadline has passed (i.e. the individual is late). Findings – Results demonstrate that, while individuals are more likely to refrain from consumption in favor of being on time as a deadline approaches, they are more likely to engage in consumption activities once they have already missed their deadline. Support is shown for an underlying process of affect regulation; when they are late (vs on time), consumers are likely to regulate affect via the selection of more indulgent options. Practical implications – These studies provide insight into the both the beneficial and detrimental nature of deadlines. Further, they provide insight as to how deadlines impact consumer behavior by demonstrating differential patterns of consumption based on whether an individual is early vs late. Originality/value – Documenting the effect of meeting and missing deadlines on consumption contributes to the literature on time usage and offers insights into individuals’ efforts to prioritize multiple activities that conflict due to time constraints.

scholarly journals The Role of Childhood Participation in Cultural Activities in the Promotion of Pro-Social Behaviours in Later Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5744
Author(s):  
Brian Garrod ◽  
David Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
General Public ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
Social Behaviours

Cultural organisations often serve as guardians of cultural heritage and, as such, cultural sustainability depends on their ongoing vitality. Many organisations in the cultural sector are, however, presently experiencing intense financial pressures. With their traditional sources of funding being progressively cut off, such organisations are focusing increasingly on monetary donations and the volunteering of time on the part of the general public to help plug the financial gap. Promoting and managing such pro-social behaviours can, however, be costly activities in themselves, so it is critical for cultural organisations to be able to target those segments of the public with the greatest propensity to give. This study sets out to address that need. The findings indicate that individuals who were involved in cultural activities as children are statistically more likely to volunteer their time in later life, not only with cultural organisations but also with good causes in general. In certain circumstances, this is also true of donating money. The cultural organisations benefiting from these pro-social behaviours need not be those with which the individual was involved in their childhood; nor need they be associated with the same form of culture. Importantly, continuous involvement in an activity from childhood into adulthood is not a necessary pre-condition for pro-social behaviour in later life.

scholarly journals Evolving complexity: how tinkering shapes cells, software and ecological networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20190325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricard Solé ◽  
Sergi Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Proper Formulation ◽  
Modular Architectures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

A common trait of complex systems is that they can be represented by means of a network of interacting parts. It is, in fact, the network organization (more than the parts) that largely conditions most higher-level properties, which are not reducible to the properties of the individual parts. Can the topological organization of these webs provide some insight into their evolutionary origins? Both biological and artificial networks share some common architectural traits. They are often heterogeneous and sparse, and most exhibit different types of correlations, such as nestedness, modularity or hierarchical patterns. These properties have often been attributed to the selection of functionally meaningful traits. However, a proper formulation of generative network models suggests a rather different picture. Against the standard selection–optimization argument, some networks reveal the inevitable generation of complex patterns resulting from reuse and can be modelled using duplication–rewiring rules lacking functionality. These give rise to the observed heterogeneous, scale-free and modular architectures. Here, we examine the evidence for tinkering in cellular, technological and ecological webs and its impact in shaping their architecture. Our analysis suggests a serious consideration of the role played by selection as the origin of network topology. Instead, we suggest that the amplification processes associated with reuse might shape these graphs at the topological level. In biological systems, selection forces would take advantage of emergent patterns. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.

The American Memory Project

2014 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Sally Stieglitz
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
The Public ◽  
Library Program ◽  
Digital Collection ◽  
American Source ◽  
American Memory ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Selection Of

The American Memory Project is a digital collection of historical resources maintained by the Library of Congress and freely available to the public at large. Created initially as an educational resource, the project grew to a diverse historical and cultural collection, culled from a wide variety of American source materials. Originally, under the aegis of the National Digital Library Program, the American Memory Project undertook an ambitious collaboration with the private sector to make the treasures of its archives, and of the archives of other institutions as well, available to the general public in online formats and without cost. Numerous technological obstacles needed to be considered, particularly with respect to the selection of metadata to be used by the different organizations involved, the variety of types of materials to be digitized, and an overarching concern to make access to the content as widely available as possible to the intended users.

scholarly journals Chemistry in Serbian journals in the second half of the 19th century

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Stanko Cvjeticanin ◽  
Ruza Halasi ◽  
Tibor Halasi ◽  
Jasna Adamov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
General Public ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Textual Content ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this paper is selection and analysis of articles with chemistry content in selected Serbian journals in the second half of the 19th century, which were aimed towards general public, in order to get insight into the level and quality of additional chemistry informing of readers. Two journals were selected, that contained entertaining, literature and scientific content ('Sedmica' and 'Vila'), and two other, with entertainment and literature nature ('Danica' and 'Matica'). The analyzed journals primarily addressed the general public and played an important role in readers' information and education. Historical method was applied in this research. The above-mentioned journals were analyzed separately, with the short historical survey. Complete editions of these journals were analyzed, and the selection of articles was made according to the textual content or the title itself. The chemistry content presented in these journals is of the great variety. Among other things, interesting comments of the chemical schoolbooks are found, as well as lectures on science.

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