Planktonic Foraminifera as Indicators of Depositional Environment

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foster D. Smitho
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera

Pliocene foraminifera and environments, Limon Basin of Costa Rica

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Cassell ◽  
Barun K. Sen Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Marine Current ◽  
Sandstone Facies ◽  
Transported Material

The sandstone facies of the Pliocene Rio Banano Formation of eastern Costa Rica contains benthic foraminifera indicative of an open marine, current-swept, neritic depositional environment. These sandstones and associated siltstones are placed in Zone N18 on the basis of overlapping ranges of planktonic foraminifera, particularly Globigerinoides obliquus extremus and G. ruber, and a short-ranging ostracode species, Radimella ovata. One hundred and eight species of benthic foraminifera have been identified from the formation. A multiple-group-component factor analysis of abundance distributions of several dominant or common species (Amphistegina gibbosa, Articulina mayori, Cassidulina laevigata, C. subglobosa, Cibicidoides floridanus, Elphidium discoidale, Hanzawaia concentrica, Pararotalia sarmientoi, Pseudononion basispinata, Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, Rosalina globularis, and Trifarina angulosa) in the type section aided in the recognition of three benthic foraminiferal assemblages related to environmental parameters. An open marine, shallow, sandy continental shelf environment is suggested by the first assemblage. This is considered the typical depositional environment of the unit. The second and the third assemblages, suggesting an inner littoral environment and the proximity to a reef, respectively, also indicate introduction of significant amount of transported material into the thanatotopes.

scholarly journals Paleoecology, Microfacies and Depositional Environment of Surgah Formation based on Planktonic Foraminifera in Pol-e-Dokhtar district of Lorestan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-198
Author(s):  
mohamad hadadi ◽  
mohamad vahidinia ◽  
mohamad hosein mahmudy Gharaie ◽  
Meysam Shafiee Ardestani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera

Sedimentary Cyclicity in the Upper Paleocene- Eocene Successions of the Haymana Basin (Ankara, Turkey): Responses of Fossils to Cyclicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilya Bengül
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Accretionary Wedge ◽  
Depositional Model ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Large Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Upper Paleocene

<p>The Haymana Basin in central Anatolia (Turkey) formed during the closure of the Neo-Tethys on Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene as a forearc accretionary wedge. Late Paleocene to Middle Eocene aged units in this basin are exposed near Çayraz Village, Haymana. The Çayraz Formation is the youngest unit of the Haymana Basin, and it is represented by packages of nummulitic banks, and the intercalation of calcareous mudstones. The aim of this study is to investigate the sedimentary cyclicity and depositional sequences in the Upper Paleocene- Eocene successions of the Haymana Basin. To be able to achieve this objective, a stratigraphic section has been measured through this succession. In this study, detailed microfacies analyses of the shallow-water carbonate successions indicate a ramp type depositional model of the carbonate rocks. The facies composed of Alveolina sp., Orbitolites sp., and  Miliolids that indicate low energy depositional environment . After that depositional environment to  the shoal; the facies composed of Nummulites spp., Assilina spp. occur and increase their abundance towards high-energy environments. Absence of the Alveolina sp., Orbitolites sp., and Miliolids. occur in accordance with that. The facies composed of Nummulites spp., Assilina spp. become associated with Discocyclina sp. towards to open sea on the ramp, and the shallow open marine part is represented by the shale with the association of planktonic foraminifera. Lateral relationships of the facies from proximal (inner ramp) to the distal (mid ramp) part of the ramp are investigated by using the knowledge of paleoecology preferences of the fossils, lithologic data of the rocks and biological aspects of the fossils.  The fossil associations and their indicator environments can be used in vertical changes of the facies as in the lateral relationships of the facies. It has potential to derive cyclic relationships of the stratigraphic sequence. Therefore, based on the detailed microfacies analysis and change in the distribution of the fossil associations in the stacking pattern of the sequence, a composite depositional model has been suggested. At this part of the research newly acquired question is that the driven factor of these cyclic relationships of the sequence, whether it occurred by the control of the eustatic sea- level or the interplay between tectonics and the eustacy as the dominating factor in the sequence formation.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Large Benthic Foraminifera, Nummulites spp., Assilina spp., Haymana Basin, Çayraz Formation</p>

scholarly journals Age, microfacies and depositional environment of the Middle to Late Paleocene shallow-marine carbonates in the Sirt Basin of Libya (Upper Sabil Formation): “Are Intisar domal structures pinnacle reefs?”

Facies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vršič ◽  
H.-J. Gawlick ◽  
F. Schlagintweit ◽  
E. Machaniec ◽  
M. Gharsalla
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Ramp ◽  
Larger Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Late Paleocene ◽  
Marine Carbonates ◽  
Domal Structure ◽  
Sirt Basin

AbstractIn the central-eastern Sirt Basin, enigmatic Intisar domal structures host significant hydrocarbon accumulations. These structures have been commonly interpreted as pinnacle reefs/bioherms occurring in the open-marine basinal environment. Generally, pinnacle reefs/bioherms are mainly characterized by in situ carbonates. The current study challenges the Intisar pinnacle reef/bioherm model by examining one of the domal structures in terms of biostratigraphy, microfacies and depositional environment. These structures were dated using larger benthic foraminifera, which yielded a Middle to Late Paleocene age (Selandian–Early Thanetian). Thirteen microfacies types representing different carbonate ramp environments ranging from outer ramp to inner ramp, were defined. Outer ramp deposits have been observed adjacent to the domal structure, represented mainly by wackestone with small benthic and planktonic foraminifera. The outer ramp deposits are most likely isochronous to the domal structures. The lower part of the domal structures is composed mainly of foraminiferal–algal–echinodermal packstones. The upper part is characterized by foraminiferal–algal–echinodermal packstones with intercalated microbialite–coral boundstones. The euphotic inner ramp deposits are preserved on the crest of the domal structure, consisting of grainstone and packstone rich in Glomalveolina. As a result of this study, the Intisar domal structures are seen as erosional relics of a carbonate ramp and no evidence for pinnacle reef/bioherm model was found.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of Kendeng Zone in Miyono Village and Surrounding, Sekar District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutawif Ilmi Muwaffiqih ◽  
Wahyu Ardiansyah Nugraha ◽  
Irvan Fatarwin Lubis ◽  
Mochammad Indra Novian
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Surrounding Areas

This paper will comprehensively discuss the stratigraphy of the Kendeng Zone by using geological field mapping and laboratory analysis. The research area located in the Miyono Village and surrounding areas, Sekar District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java with an area of 4x5 km2. Based on the geological mapping results obtained 160 points station with a variety of results in the form of tracking map of the research area. Laboratory analysis uses Embry and Klovan classification (1971), Pettijohn et al. (1987), and Mount (1985) for petrographic analysis, while paleontological analysis using Manual of Planktonic Foraminifera (Postuma, 1971) and Atlas of Benthic Foraminifera (Holbourn et al., 2013). This paper will show the differences between regional stratigraphy and the result, depositional environment, and its mechanism. Lithology units found grouping into nine units. The research area epoch ranged between N18-N23 (early Pliocene - Holocene) and the depositional environment from the lower bathyal to the terrestrial. The geological structures of the research area must be considered in the stratigraphic arrangement determination. Based on the analysis, the Kendeng Zone stratigraphic column was obtained and expected to provide accurate data of Kendeng Zone specifically around Miyono area.

scholarly journals Analisis P/b Rasio Foraminifera di Perairan Delta Wulan, Demak, Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Bifa Aulia Manuhuwa ◽  
Retno Hartati ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Environmental Indicator ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Unicellular Organism ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Sediment Deposits

Foraminifera merupakan organisme uniseluler yang dapat berperan sebagai indikator lingkungan serta dapat menentukan lingkungan pengendapan. Cara hidup foraminifera dibagi menjadi dua yaitu foraminifera planktonik (melayang) dan foraminifera bentonik (menambat). Peran foraminifera sebagai organisme indikator ideal karena memiliki siklus hidup relatif singkat sehingga memfasilitasi peristiwa rekaman episodik (Haunold et al., 1997). Saat ini foraminifera banyak hidup di perairan laut dangkal dan laut dalam seperti di Delta Wulan, Demak. Litologi penyusun Delta Wulan ini masih berupa endapan sedimen yang dapat diketahui bahwa delta ini berumur Kuarter. Sehingga, persentase P/b Rasio dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis lingkungan pengendapan (Grimsdale dan Morkhoven, 1955). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi foraminifera dan P/b rasio sebagai indikator lingkungan pengendapan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari dan Maret 2019 di perairan Delta Wulan, Demak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei eksploratif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan menetapkan 12 titik penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 24 genus foraminifera yang dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelas, yaitu Globothalamea, Fusulinata, Tubothalamea dan Nodosariata. Nilai kelimpahan untuk foraminifera planktonik berkisar 57-8000 ind/m2sedangkan foraminifera bentonik berkisar 29-314 ind/m2. Nilai P/b Rasio berkisar antara 86 – 93% dengan kategori batimertri batial atas.Foraminifera is an unicellular organism that can act as an environmental indicator and can determine the depositional environment. The way of life of foraminifera is divided into two namely planktonic foraminifera (floating) and bentonic foraminifera (tethering). The role of foraminifera as an ideal indicator organism because it has a relatively short life cycle thus facilitating episodic recording events (Haunold et al., 1997). At present many foraminifera live in shallow and deep sea waters such as the Wulan Delta, Demak. This Wulan Delta lithology is still in the form of sediment deposits which can be seen that this delta is Quaternary age. Thus, the percentage P/b ratio can be used to analyze the depositional environment (Grimsdale and Morkhoven, 1955). The purpose of this research is to determine the composition of foraminifera and P/b ratio as indicators of depositional environment. This research was conducted in January and March 2019 in the waters of Delta Wulan, Demak. The method used in this research is explorative survey method. Sample was collected by using purposive sampling and deciding 12 research sites. Based on the results of the study found 24 genus foraminifera which are grouped into 4 classes, namely Globothalamea, Fusulinata, Tubothalamea and Nodosariata. The abundance value for planktonic foraminifera ranges from 57-8000 ind/m2 while the bentonic foraminifera ranges from 29-314 ind/m2. The value of P/b Ratio range from 86 - 93% with the upper batial bathymetry category.

scholarly journals Bojongmanik Formation Sedimentation Mechanism in the Middle to Late Miocene (N9-N17) in the Rangkasbitung Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Tety Syahrulyati ◽  
Vijaya Isnaniawardhani ◽  
Mega Fattima Rosana ◽  
Winantris Winantris
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Upper Miocene ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Late Middle Miocene ◽  
Marine Facies ◽  
Environment Maps ◽  
Deep Site

The Rangkasbitung Basin, is a part of Banten Depression which was formed by a normal fault, and then fi lled by marine deposits. This research carried out to understand the sedimentation process of Middle Miocene Bojongmanik deposits, the age, paleoenvironment and lithology (sediment sequence). In this research, 55 samples were taken from the study area, approximately 595 km2. Measurement of the stratigraphic section is carried out to determine the correlation both vertically and horizontally. The residue of dissolving peroxide method was carried out during the samples preparation. Then genus and species of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera were identifi ed and determined. The foraminifera analysis guide has been used to determine the age and depositional environment. The sequences of Bojongmanik Formation were deposited in Middle to Upper Miocene (N9 to N17). Based on the planktonic foraminifera distribution, the succession of each sequence can be correlated. During Middle Miocene (N9 - N12), the lowest part of Bojongmanik Formation is deposited at 100m-200m and 100m-80m depth, while in the other site, the correlated sequence is recorded that deposited at 80m-20m depth (outer to edge of inner neritic facies). In late Middle Miocene (N13 - N14), the regression process was happened. Almost the succession was deposited on land, while in deep site, a less part of sediments was formed as land facies but the most of it deposited as marine facies. In Upper Miocene (N 15 - N 17), the sedimentation continued in the transitional to edge neritic in back mangrove to mangrove environmental setting (upper to lower delta plain), and in other sites the sediment is no longer formed. Based on distribution of benthonic foraminifera there are observed the biofacies changes laterally. In bathymetric of depositional environment maps it can be depicted two higher paleoenvironmental sites (Cigudeg and Muncang highs) and two lower sites (Leuwiliang and Jasinga basins).

Ultrastructure of Some Planktonic Formainifera

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
William H. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Globigerinoides Ruber ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Globigerina Bulloides ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Diamond Knife

Planktonic foraminifera are widely-distributed and abundant zooplankters. They are significant as water mass indicators and provide evidence of paleotemperatures and events which occurred during Pleistocene glaciation. In spite of their ecological and paleological significance, little is known of their cell biology. There are few cytological studies of these organisms at the light microscope level and some recent reports of their ultrastructure.Specimens of Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides conglobatus and Globigerinita glutinata were collected in Bermuda waters and fixed in a cold cacodylate-buffered 6% glutaraldehyde solution for two hours. They were then rinsed, post-fixed in Palade's fluid, rinsed again and stained with uranyl acetate. This was followed by graded ethanol dehydration, during which they were identified and picked clean of debris. The specimens were finally embedded in Epon 812 by placing each organism in a separate BEEM capsule. After sectioning with a diamond knife, stained sections were viewed in a Philips 200 electron microscope.

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