Asymmetrical Patterns of the Efferent Branchial Arteries in Acanthopterygian Fishes

Copeia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Muñoz-Chapuli ◽  
Maria Aurora Quesada ◽  
Victoria de Andres ◽  
Ramon Munoz-Chapuli
Keyword(s):  
Branchial Arteries

scholarly journals Role of NO in arterial vascular function of intertidal fish (Girella laevifrons) and marine fish (Isacia conceptionis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-505
Author(s):  
F. A. Moraga ◽  
N. Urriola-Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Intertidal Fish ◽  
Branchial Arteries

Abstract Previous studies performed in intertidal fish (Girella laevifrons),as well as marine fish (Isacia conceptionis), showed that acetylcholine (ACh) produced contractions mediated by cyclooxygenases that were dependent on the area and potency of contraction in several arterial vessels. Given that the role of nitric oxide is poorly understood in fish, the objective of our study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide in branchial afferent (ABA), branchial efferent (ABE), dorsal (DA) and mesenteric (MA) arterial vessels from both Girella laevifrons and Isacia conceptionis. We studied afferent and efferent branchial, dorsal and mesenteric arteries that were dissected from 6 juvenile specimens. Isometric tension studies were done using dose response curves (DRC) for Ach (10–13 to 10–3 M) and blockade with L-NAME (10–5 M), and DRC for sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a donor of NO). L-NAME produced an attenuation of the contractile response in the dorsal, afferent and efferent branchial arteries and a potentiation of the contraction in the MA. SNP caused 70% dilation in the mesenteric artery and 40% in the dorsal artery. Our results suggest that Ach promotes precarious dilatation in MA mediated by NO; data that is supported by the use of sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, in the vessels DA, ABA and EBA our results support that the pathway Ach-NO-relaxation is absent in both species.

Flow-mediated vasodilatation of carotid and branchial arteries in healthy subjects and in lacunar stroke patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa C. Lavallée ◽  
Philippe Bonnin ◽  
Julien Labreuche ◽  
Pierre Amarenco ◽  
Bernard Lévy
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Branchial Arteries

Habitat Segregation in Sanguinicolid Blood Flukes (Digenea) of Scorpaenid Rockfishes (Perciformes) on the Pacific Coast of North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Habitat Segregation ◽  
San Juan Islands ◽  
Blood Flukes ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Branchial Arteries

Aporocotyle macfarlani Holmes, 1971, was found in five species of Sebastes taken from the inland waters around the San Juan Islands, Washington, or the inshore waters around Vancouver Island, B.C. Psettarium sebastodorum Holmes, 1971, was found in 14 species of Sebastes from the same locations or from deeper offshore waters west of Vancouver Island. The two flukes have different dominant hosts. Their numbers show different relations with depth. Aporocotyle macfarlani appears to be associated with fish that frequent reefs.Aporocotyle macfarlani occupies the lumen of the afferent branchial arteries, the ventral aorta, and rarely parts of the heart; P. sebastodorum is threaded into the intertrabecular spaces of the ventricle and atrium. The overlap in the distributions of the two species is reduced in concurrent infections.

The Role of the Cardiac Vagus in the Response of the Dogfish Scyliorhinus Canicula to Hypoxia

1977 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. TAYLOR ◽  
S. SHORT ◽  
P. J. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Branchial Arteries ◽  
Total Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Stroke Volume

1. During normoxia, heart rate was governed by a vagal tone which increased at higher acclimation temperatures. This tonic influence was exerted predominantly via the branchial cardiac nerves. The increase in heart rate following atropinization or cardiac vagotomy was associated with a reduction in stroke flow in the ventral aorta in accordance with Starling's Law of the heart. 2. During slowly induced hypoxia there was a reflex bradycardia, the onset and extent of which varied with acclimation temperature, and which was mediated predominantly via the pair of branchial cardiac vagi. The branchial cardiac vagi were also wholely responsible for the transient marked bradycardia at the onset of rapidly induced hypoxia. 3. Direct measurement of blood flow to the anterior two pairs of branchial arteries demonstrated that they received approximately 37% of total cardiac output in normoxia and that this proportion was unchanged during hypoxia. 4. The bradycardia during hypoxia in control animals was partially offset by a rise in cardiac stroke volume so that cardiac output decreased slightly. Injection of the adrenergic -receptor blocker, Propranolol, abolished the increase in stroke flow during hypoxia, but did not effect the bradycardia, and the total blood flow was therefore reduced. 5. The values of PO2 during hypoxia from fish acclimated to 17 °C were significantly reduced from the control values following atropinization and either branchial cardiac vagotomy or total cardiac vagotomy. 6. The apparent power output of the heart was reduced during hypoxia at high acclimation temperatures due to the marked bradycardia.

X. Observations on the development of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmo­nary artery of the heart of the chick

1869 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 387-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Truncus Arteriosus ◽  
Semilunar Valves ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Branchial Arteries ◽  
Longitudinal Division ◽  
Clear Description

In the accounts of the development of the heart of vertebrate animals given by various embryological writers, we find an apparently clear description of the mode in which the permanent aorta and pulmonary artery are formed by the longitudinal division of a single large vessel, the truncus arteriosus, into two vessels. The truncus arteriosus is, as is well known, the large arterial trunk that commences in the originally single ventricle of the heart, and terminates by splitting up into the branchial arteries. It conveys the whole of the blood from the ventricle to the system of the embryo, and is also known by the name of bulbus aortæ (see Plate XXXI. fig. 1). In studying the descriptions given by different authors of its division into two vessels, it appeared to me very strange that with such a clear description of the mode of division nothing at all, or only very little, should be said about the mode of development of the semilunar valves attached to the commencement of these vessels. Kölliker is the only author I have been able to find who makes any mention of their mode of development, and his account, which I shall presently quote, is very brief and unsatisfactory. Nowhere have I found any drawings of these parts in their rudimentary state. I was therefore obliged to conclude that very little was known about this point, probably in consequence of the difficulty of accurately examining such minute parts at an early period of development, and I was hence led to attempt the observations recorded in the present paper. They were made during the years 1865, 1866, and 1867, on the embryo of the common domestic fowl, artificially incubated. Though not nearly as complete as I could have wished them to be, they nevertheless demonstrate certain new and interesting facts connected with the develop­ment of the semilunar valves, and the formation of the aorta and pulmonary artery in the bird’s heart. These appear to me to be valuable, as possibly throwing light on some of the congenital malformations of this part of the heart. In working at the develop­ment of the semilunar valves, I was also obliged to examine very closely into the mode of division of the truncus arteriosus into two vessels, and found that the manner in which it becomes divided differs from that usually described to occur in some very important particulars. The development of the semilunar valves is so closely connected with the process of division of the truncus arteriosus that I have found it best to unite the description of each stage of the one with that of the corresponding stage of the other.

scholarly journals Observations on the development of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart of the chick

1868 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 329-335
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Truncus Arteriosus ◽  
Semilunar Valves ◽  
Arterial Trunk ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Branchial Arteries

Kölliker is the only embryological author in whom I have found any information about the development of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery, and I have not been able to discover any observations later than his. After speaking of the formation of the aorta and pulmonary artery by the division of the truncus arteriosus into two vessels this being, as is well known, the large single arterial trunk conveying the blood from the rudimentary ventricle into the branchial arteries, he says, “Simultaneously with the division the semilunar valves also become developed, and I saw them already present in both arteries in an embryo of the seventh week. They are, however, at first nothing but horizontally projecting crescentic growths of the middle and of the epithelial coats by which the lumen at this spot receives the form of a three-rayed star. At what time they first become visible as distinct pockets I have not yet investigated.” The division of the truncus arteriosus is described by Rathke as occurring in birds and mammalia by the formation on its interior of two oppositely situated longitudinal ridges, which then grow together throughout its whole extent and completely divide the vessel into two lateral halves, one representing the commencement of the aorta, and the other that of the pulmonary artery. Though the semilunar valves are said by Kölliker, and quite correctly, to develope simultaneously with the division, he gives no information about the manner in which they are connected with it, or the part of the vessel in which they originate, and nowhere are any drawings given of them in their rudimentary state. I was hence led to conclude that very little was known about this point, and to make the observations the results of which are here recorded. They seem to me valuable, as throwing light on some of the congenital malformations of this part of the heart. They were made during 1865, 1866, and 1867, on the embryos of the common fowl, and I have had no opportunity of investigating human or other mammalian embryos with reference to this point. But from the great likeness between the hearts of birds, mammalia, and man at different periods of their development, it seems pretty certain that the arterial semilunar valves in man and mammalia generally must pass through the same stages of development as those of the bird, which, in the fully developed state, quite resemble them.

scholarly journals Branching patterns of the afferent branchial arteries and their phylogenetic significance in rays (Batoidea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla D. A. Soares ◽  
Mônica Toledo-Piza
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Common Trunk ◽  
Close Spatial Relationship ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Branchial Arteries

AbstractRays of the superorder Batoidea comprise the most diverse group of chondrichthyans in terms of valid species and morphological disparity. Up to the present little agreement is observed in studies based on morphological and molecular data focused on uncovering the interrelationships within Batoidea. Morphology-based phylogenies of batoids have not included characters related to the afferent branchial arteries, and little is known about the variation in this anatomical complex in rays. Herein, representatives of 32 genera from 19 families currently recognized of rays were examined as well as some shark taxa. Seven new characters are proposed and tested in two different analyses, one on their own and in the other they were added to the morphological data matrix of the most recent analysis of interrelationships within Batoidea. The arrangement of afferent branchial arteries differs mainly among orders and families of batoids. The absence of a common trunk from which the three posteriormost afferent arteries branch is interpreted as a synapomorphy for Myliobatiformes and the presence of a coronary cranial artery as an autapomorphy for Mobula hypostoma. A close spatial relationship between the second and third afferent arteries within the common branch from the ventral aorta is proposed as a synapomorphy for Rajiformes with a secondary modification in Sympterygia. Data about patterns in afferent branchial arteries in additional taxa such as Squaliformes and Chimaeriformes are needed to better understand the evolution of this character complex among chondrichthyans.

Respiratory Function in the South American Lungfish, Lepidosiren Paradoxa (Fitz)

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
KJELL JOHANSEN ◽  
CLAUDE LENFANT
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
South American ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
The South ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Dissociation Curves ◽  
Branchial Arteries

1. Respiratory properties of blood and pattern of branchial and pulmonary gas exchange have been studied in twelve specimens of the South American lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa (Fitz). 2. Haematocrit ranged from 14 to 19% and blood oxygen capacity from 4.9 to 6.8 vol. %. The blood had a high affinity for O2 with a P50 value of 10.5 mm. Hg at Pco2 6 mm. Hg and temperature 23° C. The Bohr effect was low. 3. The CO2 dissociation curves show a steep ascending slope resulting in a relatively high CO2 combining power at physiological values of blood Pco2 The Haldane effect was small. Buffering capacity of oxygenated whole blood was high and exceeded that in typical water breathers. 4. Air breathing was prominent and intervals between air breaths varied from 3 to 10 min. Branchial respiratory movements were extremely shallow and showed a labile frequency. Air breathing was stimulated by hypoxic and hypercarbic water while hyperoxygenated water had no effect. Branchial respiratory rate showed a marked acceleration in response to mechanical agitation of the water. 5. Gas exchange was predominantly carried out by pulmonary breathing. In less than 10 min. the PO2 of expired gas dropped from 150 mm. Hg to less than 30 mm. Hg. The shallow branchial breathing with very low ventilation values resulted in a low O2 uptake via the gills. 6. Blood-gas analysis documented a clear selective passage of blood through the only partially divided heart. A consistently higher PO2 in dorsal aortic than in pulmonary arterial blood indicates a preferential passage of pulmonary venous blood to the anterior branchial arteries giving rise to most of the systemic circulation while systemic venous blood was largely conveyed to the most posterior branchial arteries giving rise to the pulmonary arteries. 7. The oxygen uptake for fish resting in water with access to air averaged 53.4 ml./hr./kg. Exposure to air lowered the O2 uptake markedly. 8. The increased importance of pulmonary breathing in Lepidosiren is discussed in relation to the transition from water breathing to air breathing.

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