The Roles of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen in Microhabitat Selection by the Tadpoles of a Frog (Rana pipiens) and a Toad (Bufo terrestris)

Copeia ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (3) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Noland ◽  
Gordon R. Ultsch
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Bufo Terrestris ◽  
Toad Bufo

Amplexus Displacement in the Southern Toad, Bufo terrestris

Copeia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trip Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Bufo Terrestris ◽  
Toad Bufo

The extent of long-term temperature compensation for jumping distance in the frog, Rana pipiens, and the toad, Bufo americanus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1284-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Renaud ◽  
E. D. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Compensation ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Bufo Americanus ◽  
Toad Bufo

The effects of acclimation to either 5 or 25 °C were studied on the longest jumping distances of Rana pipiens and Bufo americanus to estimate their capacity for long-term compensation. Animals were tested randomly at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. Both Rana and Bufo jumped further at higher temperatures. For both species, acclimation temperature modified the effect of test temperature. At test temperatures of 20 and 25 °C, frogs acclimated to 25 °C jumped further than those acclimated to 5 °C. There was no evidence for thermal compensation in toads, but half of those acclimated to 25 °C would not jump when tested at 5 °C, whereas only 1 out of 16 cold-acclimated toads did not jump. We suggest that the acclimation effects on the jumping ability of R. pipiens at high temperatures are important in increasing their ability to escape predation and that this effect depends on an effect on the nervous system rather than the muscular system.

Effects of individual variation in age and size at metamorphosis on growth and survivorship of southern toad (Bufo terrestris) metamorphs

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W Beck ◽  
Justin D Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Bufo Terrestris ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
Positive Effect

We conducted two experiments with the southern toad (Bufo terrestris) to examine whether individual variation in (i) metamorph body size and metabolic rate and (ii) age and size at metamorphosis were related to differences in survivorship or growth rate of postmetamorphic individuals. Results from the first experiment indicated that neither initial body size nor metabolic rate was related to survivorship or growth. Results from the second experiment showed that (i) size at metamorphosis was positively correlated with survivorship to first census (after 2 weeks), (ii) age and size at metamorphosis had no significant effect on survivorship from first to second census (after 2 months), (iii) size at metamorphosis had a marginally significant positive effect on survivorship from metamorphosis to second census, and (iv) age and size at metamorphosis were not significantly correlated with total growth. Our results suggest that in the southern toad, size at metamorphosis may lead to early differences in survival, size, and growth that later disappear. Furthermore, early differences in growth and survival attributable to size at metamorphosis are not due to size-related differences in metabolic rate. Therefore, although age and size at metamorphosis affect metabolic rate, they may not be related to fitness via effects on postmetamorphic survival and growth.

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