Epithelial Cell Height as a Measure of Thyroid Activity in Free-Living Western Fence Lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis

Copeia ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Stebbins ◽  
Winton Tong
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Sceloporus Occidentalis ◽  
Cell Height

The influence of temperature on histological and radiochemical measurements of thyroid activity in the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Drury ◽  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Follicle ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
T Values

Histological and radiochemical techniques for assessing thyroid activity were compared on yearling brook trout acclimated at 5, 12, and 15 °C.The mean thyroid follicle epithelial cell height was 7.4 μ (range 6.0–8.6 μ) at 5 °C; 3.5 μ (range 2.9–3.9 μ) at 12 °C, and 2.3 μ (range 1.9–2.9 μ) at 15 °C. Assuming that a taller epithelial cell height indicates greater thyroid activity, then an inverse relationship between thyroid activity and acclimation temperature exists.Both the uptake of radioiodide by the thyroid (T/S) and the clearance of radioiodide from the serum were greater at higher temperatures. Serum PB125I production was negligible within 8 days after radioiodide injection and the conversion ratio could not be applied as an index of thyroid function, Assuming, however, that the thyroid radioiodide uptake is an index of thyroid activity, then there is a direct relationship between thyroid activity and acclimation temperature.In view of the marked discrepancy between these histological and radiochemical techniques, fractional rates of turnover of serum thyroxine were compared by determining the biological half-life (t½) for serum PB125I after L-thyroxine-125I intraperitoneal injection at different temperatures. The serum PB125I clearance curves were complex and tentative t½ values of 18.0 days (5 °C, 3.2 days (12 °C), and 1.5 days (15 °C) were obtained. These results indicate a more rapid serum PBI turnover at higher temperatures and support the radiochemical measurements.

Biological Activity of Phytoestrogens

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 686-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Elghamry
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Stimulation Of

Subcutaneous administration of β-sitosterol, isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra, into ovariectomized mice induced: —1) An increase in the epithelial cell height of the thyroid vesicles, as well as a decrease in the surface area of the vesicular colloid when both were compared with the ovariectomized controls.2) A stimulation of iodine uptake by the thyroid glands of treated animals. Phytoestrogen treatment showed no linear relationship between the dosage of β-sitosterol and the thyroid uptake of I131.3) A rise in the level of thyroid and thyrotrophic hormones in the blood of mice injected with β-sitosterol. This increase in hormone levels parallels the thyroid activity.

DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-INDUCED THYROTROPHIN RELEASE DURING HEAT STRESS IN RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. TAL ◽  
F. G. SULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Thyroid Epithelial Cell ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY Six groups each of 12 male albino rats were reared from day 21 of life at temperatures of 23, 34 or 37 °C. While the rats survived for unlimited periods at 23 and 34 °C, the animals reared at 37 °C succumbed within 5 days to heat stress. The latter group, when injected s.c. or i.p. with 50 mg dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA)/kg/day were no longer affected by the heat. During this treatment thyroid epithelial cell height doubled, colloid decreased by 20%, connective tissue did not change, the basic metabolic rate decreased by 10% and rectal temperatures of the treated rats increased with the ambient temperatures. Body weight increased only slightly, pituitary TSH decreased by 25%, serum TSH increased by over 50%, thyroxine and 125I uptake increased by 200%. The survival of the DHA-treated rats was apparently secured by blocking the hypothalamic thermoreceptors.

An automatic monitoring system for epithelial cell height

1993 ◽  
Vol 425 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Van Driessche ◽  
Patrick De Smet ◽  
Gert Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Automatic Monitoring System ◽  
Cell Height

Effects of Diet, Ambient Temperature, and Holding Conditions on Plasma Thyroxine Levels in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Soybean Diet ◽  
Significant Diurnal Variation

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to 19 °C and fed a pelleted diet of either 6% soybean oil or 6% tallow fat had similar plasma thyroxine levels (0.62 ± 0.10 and 0.69 ± 0.08 μg/100 ml, respectively), although fish acclimated to 7 °C and fed the soybean diet gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma thyroxine concentration (1.32 ± 0.13 μg/100 ml) than the group fed the tallow fat diet (0.95 ± 0.12 μg/100 ml). The plasma thyroxine concentration in the fish fed the soybean oil diet was significantly (P < 0.01) higher at 7 °C than at 19 °C. There was no significant difference between the two groups of fish given the tallow fat diet. Epithelial cell heights were largest in groups with the highest plasma thyroxine levels. Epithelial cell height in the two groups at 19 °C were similar, but in both groups of fish at 7 °C, the cell height was significantly greater than in either of the groups at 19 °C (P < 0.01 for comparisons of the 19 °C tallow fat diet with both groups of 7 °C acclimated fish and comparison of the two groups on the soybean oil diet; P < 0.05 for comparisons of the 19 °C, soybean oil diet with the group held at 7 °C and given the tallow fat diet). Fish deprived of food for 40 days had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma thyroxine concentration when compared with fish that had been fed daily. There was no significant diurnal variation in plasma thyroxine over the light phase of a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, nor did the limitation of light entering the aquaria significantly affect plasma thyroxine values. Key words: endocrine, thyroid, Salmo gairdneri, diet, environmental temperature

scholarly journals Mechanical Stimuli Affect E. Coli Heat Stable Enterotoxin (ST)-Cyclic GMP Signaling in a Human Enteroid Intestine-Chip Diarrhea Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Sunuwar ◽  
Jianyi Yin ◽  
Magdalena Kasendra ◽  
Katia Karalis ◽  
James Kaper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Static Conditions

ABSTRACTModeling host-pathogen interactions with human intestinal epithelia using enteroid monolayers on permeable supports (such as Transwells) represents an alternative to animal studies or use of colon cancer-derived cell lines. However, the static monolayer model does not expose epithelial cells to mechanical forces normally present in the intestine, including luminal flow and serosal blood flow (shear force) or peristaltic forces. To determine the contribution of mechanical forces in the functional response of human small intestine to a pathogen virulence factor, human jejunal enteroids were cultured as monolayers in microengineered fluidic-based Organ-Chips (Intestine-Chips), exposed to enterotoxigenic E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin A (ST), and evaluated under conditions of static fluid, apical and basolateral flow, and flow plus repetitive stretch. Application of flow increased epithelial cell height, transcription of the cyclic nucleotide transporting protein MRP4, and apical and basolateral secretion of cGMP under baseline, unstimulated conditions. Addition of ST under flow conditions increased apical and basolateral secretion of cGMP relative to static conditions, but did not enhance intracellular cGMP accumulation. Cyclic stretch did not have any significant effect beyond that contributed by flow. This study demonstrates that fluid flow application initiates changes in intestinal epithelial cell characteristics relative to static culture conditions under both baseline conditions and with exposure to ST enterotoxin, and suggests that further investigations of application of these mechanical forces will provide insights into physiology and pathophysiology that more closely resembles intact intestine than study under static conditions.

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE STAINING PROPERTIES OF THE THYROIDAL COLLOID AND ITS IODINE CONTENT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DesMarais ◽  
Q. N. LaHam
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Aniline Blue ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Orange G

A new staining technique has been developed for the thyroid gland involving the use of two components of the Mallory connective tissue stain, aniline blue and orange G in reversed proportions.Various indices such as incorporation of radioiodine, epithelial cell height, and number of blue and yellow staining follicles and total number of follicles have been used to test the validity of the color reaction in the colloid. The comparison of these diverse indices strongly suggests that the colloid material which stains with aniline blue corresponds to iodinated thyroglobulin, while the yellow staining material appears to be devoid of biologically active iodinated amino acids.

Comparative indexes of thyroid function in sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Hoersch ◽  
H. E. Henderson ◽  
E. P. Reineke ◽  
H. A. Henneman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Thyroid Epithelial Cell ◽  
Thyroid Secretion ◽  
Zero Time

The effects of light and temperature on thyroid activity of sheep were assessed by four methods: thyroid secretion rate, zero time per cent uptake of I131, I131 output half-time, and measurement of the thyroid epithelial cell height. Increased ambient temperature inhibited thyroid activity as evaluated by all methods. Reduced temperatures consistently resulted in a depressed uptake of I131. I131 output half-time had no relationship with actual hormone secretion. Light alterations imposed the same trend on thyroid function when activity was assessed by secretion rate and cell height measurement. As evaluated by these two methods the lowest thyroid activity was observed at 12 hr of illumination per day and increased with both increasing and decreasing light beyond this 1:1 light-to-dark ratio. When the three isotopic measures of thyroid activity were correlated with the histological method the highest correlation was found between cell height and thyroid secretion.

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