A Mating Aggregation of the Turtle Clemmys guttata

Copeia ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 1967 (2) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl H. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Clemmys Guttata ◽  
Mating Aggregation

Conservation genetics of the endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) illustrate the risks of “bottleneck tests”

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Davy ◽  
Robert W. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Clemmys Guttata ◽  
Spotted Turtle ◽  
Cast Doubt

Studies of population genetics in turtles have suggested that turtles do not experience genetic impacts of bottlenecks as strongly as expected. However, recent studies cast doubt on two commonly used tests implemented in the program BOTTLENECK, suggesting that these findings should be re-evaluated. The Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata (Schneider, 1792)) is endangered both globally and within Canada, but genetic data required to develop effective recovery strategies are unavailable. Here, we conducted the first study of population genetic structure in C. guttata. We then used multiple small populations of C. guttata as replicates to test whether the commonly used program BOTTLENECK could detect the genetic signature of bottlenecks in our study populations, which are all thought to have experienced significant declines in the past 2–3 generations (75 years). Turtles (n = 256) were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. A suite of Bayesian population genetics analyses and a principal coordinates analysis identified a minimum of 6 distinct genetic populations and a maximum of 10 differentiated subpopulations across the sampled Canadian range of C. guttata, which corresponded to demographically independent units. BOTTLENECK failed to detect population declines. A literature review found that bottleneck tests in 17 of 18 previous genetic studies of tortoises and freshwater turtles were based on suboptimal sampling, potentially confounding their results. High retention of genetic diversity (allelic richness and heterozygosity) in isolated populations of C. guttata and other turtle species is encouraging for species recovery, but conclusions about the prevalence of genetic bottlenecks in such populations should be re-examined.

Phenology and ecology of hibernation in spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) near the northern limit of their range

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1348-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline D. Litzgus ◽  
Jon P. Costanzo ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
Richard E. Lee, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Northern Limit ◽  
Clemmys Guttata

scholarly journals Expression of a Shiga-Like Toxin during Plastic Colonization by Two Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669, Isolated from Endangered Turtles (Clemmys guttata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema G. Thomas ◽  
Maryah A. Glover ◽  
Anutthaman Parthasarathy ◽  
Narayan H. Wong ◽  
Paul A. Shipman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Clemmys Guttata

Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669 were isolated from endangered spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata). Whole-genome sequencing, annotation and phylogenetic analyses of the genomes revealed that the closest relative of RIT668 is A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 and Citrobacter portucalensis A60 for RIT669. Resistome analysis showed that A. hydrophila and C. freundii harbor six and 19 different antibiotic resistance genes, respectively. Both bacteria colonize polyethylene and polypropylene, which are common plastics, found in the environment and are used to fabricate medical devices. The expression of six biofilm-related genes—biofilm peroxide resistance protein (bsmA), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit R (bssR), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit S (bssS), biofilm formation regulator (hmsP), toxin-antitoxin biofilm protein (tabA) and transcriptional activator of curli operon (csgD)—and two virulence factors—Vi antigen-related gene (viaB) and Shiga-like toxin (slt-II)—was investigated by RT-PCR. A. hydrophila displayed a >2-fold increase in slt-II expression in cells adhering to both polymers, C. freundii adhering on polyethylene displayed a >2-fold, and on polypropylene a >6-fold upregulation of slt-II. Thus, the two new isolates are potential pathogens owing to their drug resistance, surface colonization and upregulation of a slt-II-type diarrheal toxin on polymer surfaces.

scholarly journals Attraction of Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to volatiles of its natural host Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maurício Simões Bento ◽  
Alberto Arab ◽  
Giuliano Grici Zacarin ◽  
André Gustavo Corrêa Signoretti ◽  
José Wilson Pereira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Citrus Variegated Chlorosis ◽  
Mating Aggregation

Plant volatiles are important cues for the orientation of herbivorous insects. It is possible that these compounds indicate whether the plant is suitable for feeding and larval development, or for mating aggregation. Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae) is known to attract species of leafhoppers, most of them important vectors of the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). In this study, we evaluated the role of volatiles of V. condensata on the orientation of Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Four-arm olfactometer bioassays showed that only males were attracted to the volatiles of the host-plants Citrus sp. and V. condensata. Furthermore, fresh leaves of V. condensata induced a stronger response than volatiles from hexane-extracted leaves. This study opens the possibility to utilize V. condensata volatiles for pest management programs of B. xanthopis.

scholarly journals Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669—Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Isolated from Spotted Turtles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Seema G. Thomas ◽  
Milky Abajorga ◽  
Maryah A. Glover ◽  
Peter C. Wengert ◽  
Anutthaman Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Clemmys Guttata ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plastic Surfaces

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, and biofilm formation enables bacteria to resist antibiotic at much higher concentrations than planktonic cells. Earlier, we showed that the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 (closely related to C. freundii NBRC 12681) from infected spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), formed biofilms and upregulated toxin expression on plastic surfaces, and were predicted to possess multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we show that they each resist several antibiotics in the planktonic phase, but were susceptible to neomycin, and high concentrations of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The susceptibility of their biofilms to neomycin and cotrimoxazole was tested using the Calgary device. For A. hydrophila, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 500–1000, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 32.3–62.5, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. For C. freundii MIC = 7.8–15.6, and, MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 7.8, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. Both A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis activated an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent biosensor, suggesting that quorum sensing could mediate biofilm formation. Their multidrug resistance in the planktonic form, and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, indicate that A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis are potential zoonotic pathogens, with risks for patients living with implants.

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