Geographic Variations in Egg Complement of Percina caprodes and Etheostoma spectabile

Copeia ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 1958 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Hubbs
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Etheostoma Spectabile

scholarly journals CONTROVERSIES IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: On the need for universal thyroid screening in pregnant women

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. R17-R30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Vila ◽  
Inés Velasco ◽  
Stella González ◽  
Francisco Morales ◽  
Emilia Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Widespread Agreement

There is a well-known controversy among scientific societies regarding the recommendation to screen for thyroid dysfunction (TD) during pregnancy. Although several studies have shown an association between maternal subclinical hypothyroidism and/or hypothyroxinemia with obstetric problems and/or neurocognitive impairment in the offspring, there is only limited evidence on the possible positive effects of thyroxine (T4) treatment in such cases. Despite the scarcity of this evidence, there is a widespread agreement among clinicians on the need for treatment of clinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy and the risks that could arise due to therapeutic abstention. As maternal TD is a quite prevalent condition, easily diagnosed and for which an effective and safe treatment is available, some scientific societies have proposed to assess thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy and ideally before week 10 of gestational age. Given the physiologic changes of thyroid function during pregnancy, hormone assessment should be performed using trimester-specific reference values ideally based on locally generated data as geographic variations have been detected. Screening of TD should be based on an initial determination of TSH performed early during the first trimester and only if abnormal should it be followed by either a free or total T4measurement. Furthermore, adequate iodine supplementation during pregnancy is critical and if feasible it should be initiated before the woman attempts to conceive.

Disparities in Service Use and Expenditures for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in California in 2005 and 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Taewoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Abstract This study examined service use and expenditures for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) living at home and in the community in California in 2005 and 2013. The number of people assessed for IDD services increased, along with the percentage of individuals who did not receive any services between 2005 and 2013. Controlling for client needs, children age 3–21 were less likely than other age groups to receive any services using logistic regressions. All racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive any services than were white populations. Females, younger people, and all racial and ethnic minority groups who received services had significantly lower expenditures, with wide geographic variations. The disparities by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and geography have persisted over time in California.

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