Public Construction Expenditures in the United States: Are There Structural Breaks in the 1921-1987 Period?

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lata Chatterjee ◽  
Syed Abu Hasnath
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Construction

Of Slaving Blacks and Democratic Whites

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Myers Asch ◽  
George Derek Musgrove
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Southern City ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Fully Functioning

This chapter describes the founding of Washington, D.C., as the capital of the United States. The area that became Washington was a fully functioning slave society, and the city that grew atop those fields incorporated slavery into every aspect of life. From its inception Washington embodied the contradiction endemic to America itself, the paradoxical juxtaposition of freedom and slavery that bedeviled the nation and ultimately led to the Civil War. Enslaved people worked on public construction projects, they were bought and sold within sight of the Capitol, they drove the hacks that crisscrossed the city, and they waited on the men who ran the nation. Early Washington was a Southern city that was immersed in slavery and benefited immensely from it. Another contradiction embedded into the fabric of the city was that its citizens lacked democracy’s basic unit of currency: the right to vote. The city became a political colony, a district whose fate rested not with the local people who called it home but with the national political leaders who resided there temporarily.

scholarly journals Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Affect CO2 Emissions? Empirical Evidence from the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Kefeng Xiao ◽  
Zhou Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Long Run

This paper aims to examine the effects of economic policy uncertainty (measured by the World Uncertainty Index—WUI) on the level of CO2 emissions in the United States for the period from 1960 to 2016. For this purpose, we consider the unit root test with structural breaks and the autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) model. We find that the per capita income promotes CO2 emissions in the long run. Similarly, the WUI measures are positively associated with CO2 emissions in the long run. Energy prices negatively affect CO2 emissions both in the short run and the long run. Possible implications of climate change are also discussed.

scholarly journals Forecasting House Prices in the United States with Multiple Structural Breaks

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahua Barari ◽  
Nityananda Sarkar ◽  
Srikanta Kundu ◽  
Kushal Banik Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
House Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Structural Breaks

scholarly journals International Mobility of Capital in the United States: Robust Evidence from Time-Series Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarlok Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Slope Parameter ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Long Run

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between domestic saving and investment and measures the international mobility of capital in the United States. The long-run model, “with” and “without” structural breaks, is estimated using several single-equation and system estimators to assess the robustness of results and take an exhaustive account of the methodological and measurement issues. The results provide dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The estimates of the slope parameter on saving above zero and the dominant support for cointegration between saving and investment across estimators vindicate the validity of intertemporal budget constraint and suggest the sustainability of current account deficits. The numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving is consistently low across estimators. The results showing the low slope parameter on saving resonate with the observed high mobility of capital. The estimates of the model with structural breaks reinforce the dominant support for the long-run relationship between domestic saving and investment. The inclusion of these structural breaks in the model generally reduces the numerical magnitude of the slope parameter on saving and suggests the high mobility of capital.

Public construction in the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Abu Hasnath ◽  
Lata Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Construction

scholarly journals Monetary Policy Dynamics in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Oladimeji T. Shodipe ◽  
Olatunji Abdul Shobande
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Smoothing Process ◽  
Output Gaps

Abstract The recognised approach to designing an optimal monetary policy model is based on the central bank’s ability to mitigate losses using a quadratic criterion subject to the linear structure of the economy. This study examines the United States Federal Reserve’s (Fed) monetary policy in different economic environments. It provides an empirical solution to the central bank’s optimisation problem when preferences are asymmetric in both in˛ation and output gaps. The study tested for structural breaks and uncovered potential evidence of nonlinearities in the Fed’s reaction function, which provides more information on policy objective. The empirical evidence suggests that the Fed’s policy rate differs in these periods. This strongly indicates the presence of asymmetry. Further evidence suggests that the predictive power of the estimated model increases when a smoothing process is allowed.

scholarly journals Have COVID-19-Related Economic Shocks Affected the Health Levels of Individuals in the United States and the United Kingdom?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Jiang ◽  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Rui Shen ◽  
Leping Huang ◽  
Yang Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom

This paper introduces a health index for measuring the health level of societies during the lockdown era, i. e., for the period from March 21, 2020 to April 7, 2020. For this purpose, individual-level survey data from the Global Behaviors and Perceptions in the COVID-19 Pandemic dataset are considered. We focus on cases in the United States and the United Kingdom, and the data come from 11,270 and 11,459 respondents, respectively. We then use unit root tests with structural breaks to examine whether COVID-19-related economic shocks significantly affect the health levels of the United States and the United Kingdom. The empirical results indicate that the health levels in the United States and the United Kingdom are not significantly affected by the COVID-19-related economic shocks. The evidence shows that government directives (such as lockdowns) did not significantly change the health levels of these societies.

Adolescent Marijuana Use in the United States and Structural Breaks: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis, 1991 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Gu ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Gerry Veenstra ◽  
Yushu Zhu ◽  
Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adolescent Marijuana Use

Abstract To investigate temporal patterns, socio-demographic gradients, and structural breaks in adolescent marijuana use in the United States from 1991 to 2018, we used hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort logistic models to separate temporal effects of marijuana use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from 28 waves of the Monitoring the Future survey. Structural breaks in period effects were further detected via a dynamic-programing-based method. Net of other effects, we found a clear age-related increase in the probability of marijuana use (10.46%, 23.17%, and 31.19% for 8th, 10th and 12th graders, respectively). Period effects showed a substantial increase over time (from 16.23% in 2006 to 26.38% in 2018), while cohort effects remained stable over the period of study. Risk of adolescent marijuana use varied by sex, racial group, family status, and parental education. Significant structural breaks during 1995–1996, 2006–2008, and 2011–2013 were identified in sub-populations. A steady increase in marijuana use among adolescents over the latter years of this time period was identified. Adolescents who were male, non-Black, lived in non-intact families, and who had less educated parents were especially at risk of marijuana usage. Trends of adolescent marijuana use changed significantly during times of economic crisis.

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