The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder: Three Interpretations: The Euphoria of Victory and the Final Solution: Summer-Fall 1941

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder ◽  
Final Solution

Nazi Ghettoization Policy in Poland: 1939–41

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Browning
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The One

Nazi ghettoization policy in Poland from 1939 to 1941, like so many other aspects of Nazi Jewish policy, has been the subject of conflicting interpretations that can be characterized as “intentionalist” on the one hand and “functionalist” on the other. The “intentionalist” approach views ghettoization as a conscious preparatory step for total annihilation. For instance, Andreas Hillgruber has described the ghettoization of the Polish Jews as a step parallel to Hitler's conquest of France; in both cases Hitler was securing himself for the simultaneous war for Lebensraum in the east and Final Solution to the Jewish question through mass murder. Together these steps constituted the nucleus of his long-held “program.”

Christopher R. Browning. The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939–March 1942, with contributions by Jürgen Matthäus. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, and Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2004. xii, 615 pp.

AJS Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Engel
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Lincoln University

Christopher Browning is perhaps most widely known for his seminal study of the motives of the “ordinary men” who perpetrated the systematic murder of European Jewry at the behest of the Third Reich. Nevertheless, in the past two decades he has devoted much of his attention to studying the processes and decisions that led the Reich to make systematic mass murder its official policy and to provide the impetus and means for its implementation. Now he has brought his empirical findings and interpretations together in a single volume that provides the most rigorous, cogent, and lucid analysis currently available of this crucial problem in the history of the encounter between Nazi Germany and the Jews.

9. From terror to genocide

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-134
Author(s):  
Jane Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Camp System ◽  
Physically Handicapped

War sanctioned and normalized mass terror and murder, blunted ethical reservations, and emphasized the insignificance of individual lives compared with the survival of the ‘Aryan’ race and utopian visions of its future. ‘From terror to genocide’ considers how the Nazi regime moved from persecution to mass murder—from the expanded concentration camp system to the ‘euthanasia’ of the mentally and physically handicapped—and pays close attention to the complicated path by which a ‘final solution of the Jewish question’—genocide—emerged in eastern Europe and Russia.

Revealing gross three-dimensional structure in the SEM

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 656-657
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying

The beautiful three dimensional representation of small object surfaces by the SEM leads one to search for ways to open up the sample and look inside. Could this be the answer to a better microscopy for gross biological 3-D structure? We know from X-Ray microscope images that Freeze Drying and Critical Point Drying give promise of adequately preserving gross structure. Can we slice such preparations open for SEM inspection? In general these preparations crush more readily than they slice. Russell and Dagihlian got around the problem by “deembedding” a section before imaging. This some what defeats the advantages of direct dry preparation, thus we are reluctant to accept it as the final solution to our problem. Alternatively, consider fig 1 wherein a freeze dried onion root has a window cut in its surface by a micromanipulator during observation in the SEM.

Preventing suicide preceded by mass murder

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
CARL C. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Mass Murder

Book Reviews and Review Essay

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Melissa Raphael ◽  
Dorothea Magonet ◽  
Frank Dabba Smith
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
The Real ◽  
Nazi Persecution ◽  
Union College

Tony Bayfield, Being Jewish Today: Confronting the Real Issues, Bloomsbury Continuum, 2019, £18.99 Marika Henriques, The Hidden Girl: The Journey of a Soul, Shepheard-Walwyn Publishers Ltd., 2018, £25.00 Marc Saperstein, Agony in the Pulpit: Jewish Preaching in Response to Nazi Persecution and Mass Murder 1933–1945, Hebrew Union College Press, 2018, $95.00

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