Detection of regulation of family size after births of affected children

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
Jon Stene
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Affected Child ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
The Family

For family data where some of the children may have a certain inherited disorder, the number of affected children has usually been assumed to be binomially distributed given the total number of children in the family. In this assumption is included the assumption that the distribution of the total number of children does not depend on the probability that a child is affected. For many disorders this assumption is unlikely to hold because the birth of an affected child may lead either to some sort of family limitation or to some sort of overcompensation. In such cases models other than the binomial distribution have to be used.

Detection of regulation of family size after births of affected children

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Jon Stene
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Affected Child ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
The Family

For family data where some of the children may have a certain inherited disorder, the number of affected children has usually been assumed to be binomially distributed given the total number of children in the family. In this assumption is included the assumption that the distribution of the total number of children does not depend on the probability that a child is affected. For many disorders this assumption is unlikely to hold because the birth of an affected child may lead either to some sort of family limitation or to some sort of overcompensation. In such cases models other than the binomial distribution have to be used.

Family Size from the Child's Point of View

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

SummaryThe mean size of sibship in which children are reared is greaterthan the mean number of children born to those children's parents' generation. In this paper, family size is considered from the child's point of view, and estimates made of how many siblings (and some other relatives) children have, using data from a survey carried out in Great Britain in the late 1960s. The size of the ‘family’ experienced by children is largerthan may at first sight appear. For example, women who married in the period 1941–55 onaverage had 2·2 children, but these women's children grew up, on average, in sibships of3·5 children; 38% of them grew up in a family with four children or more. Moreover, on average, these women's children had six uncles and aunts and possibly twice that number of first cousins. More than half of the children had at least one parent who was brought up in a family with six children or more and almost one in five had at least one parent who came from a family with ten children or more.

scholarly journals The development of family planning in Finland from the 1960s to the 1990s

2000 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Marketta Ritamies
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Final Number ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this article is to examine the development of family planning in Finland from the 1960s to the 199Os by comparing the results from several studies representing the entire country. First we will examine ideals concerning family size and the spacing of children. We will then focus on the conditions necessary for families to realize these ideals, which will include an examination of what families know about birth control and what contraceptive methods are available to them. Finally we will assess how family size ideals were realized - did the final number of children correspond to the family size set as a goal. ln the 1960s and the 1970s Finns were already considering a relatively small family as ideal, and essentially there has been no change in this ideal. The realization of family size ideals was still hindered in the early 1970s by the scarcity of information about sexual matters and the use of unreliable birth control methods. Couples ended up with a larger family than what they had considered ideal. With the spread of reliable contraceptive methods and the increase in knowledge about sexual matters starting in the 1970s, the final number of children in a family started to correspond to the ideal at the end of the decade. At the end of the 1980s the final number of children was already smaller than the ideal. Because there are deficiencies in the comparability of the studies made at different points of time, the results presented in the article should be examined with reservations, and seen mainly as demonstrating trends at the group level.

Family Size, Satisfaction, and Productivity in Dual-Career Couples

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bryson ◽  
Jeff B. Bryson ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Dual Career Couples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Final Degree

Responses by 196 couples—in which both spouses were members of the American Psychological Association—to a series of questions regarding domestic satisfaction, job satisfaction, and productivity were examined as a function of years since final degree and number of children in the family. There were consistent differences between the sexes in responses to these questions, indicating that wives were less satisfied and less productive than husbands in these couples. However, prior differences between groups in age, years since final degree, and rate of full-time employment disallowed any meaningful interpretations of these differences. Family size was found to influence satisfaction with time available for domestic activities, job, and avocations. Significant interactions indicated that these effects were more severe for the wife than for the husband, indicating that wives in dual-career couples bear a disproportionate share of the burden for child care. Influences of family size on satisfaction with rate of advancement and freedom to set long-term career goals were also noted.

scholarly journals Patent Value and Survival of Patents

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Jung-Tae Hwang ◽  
Byung-Keun Kim ◽  
Eui-Seob Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Patent ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Patent Value ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Private Value

This study investigated the effect of patent value on the renewal (survival) of patents. The private value of patents can be one of the main pillars sustaining a firm’s value, and the estimation of the value may contribute to the strategic management of firms. The current study aimed to confirm the recent research findings with survival analysis, focusing on the more homogeneous patent data samples. In this study, a dataset is constructed from a cohort of 6646 patents from the 1996 and 1997 application years, using patent data from the European Patent Office (EPO). We found that the family size and non-patent backward citations exhibited profound impacts on patent survival. This result is in line with numerous studies, indicating the positive impact of science linkages in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields. It was also found that the effect of the ex-post indicator is not as strong as the ex-ante indicators, like traditional family size and backward citations. In short, the family size matters most for the survival of patents, according to the current research.

The Paradox of Planning: Agriculture, Schooling, and the Unresolvable Uncertainty of Ideal Family Size in Rural Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Bolten ◽  
Richard Marcantonio
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Decline

Abstract Post-war Sierra Leone has experienced a population explosion that has raised questions among rural farmers about the relationship between family size and poverty. Agricultural decline and the high cost of schooling are not prompting parents to articulate a desire for smaller families; rather, they highlight that the uncertainty around articulating the “right” number of children is unresolvable because the ability to send children to school is predicated on increasing agricultural outputs that decline precisely because population pressure has reduced soil fertility. Bolten and Marcantonio conclude that this renders family size the heart of a paradox, where there is no optimal number of children.

Binomial subsampling

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2068) ◽  
pp. 1181-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Wiuf ◽  
Michael P.H Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Biology ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Generating Functions ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Finite Moments

In this paper, we discuss statistical families with the property that if the distribution of a random variable X is in , then so is the distribution of Z ∼Bi( X ,  p ) for 0≤ p ≤1. (Here we take Z ∼Bi( X ,  p ) to mean that given X = x ,  Z is a draw from the binomial distribution Bi( x ,  p ).) It is said that the family is closed under binomial subsampling. We characterize such families in terms of probability generating functions and for families with finite moments of all orders we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the family to be closed under binomial subsampling. The results are illustrated with power series and other examples, and related to examples from mathematical biology. Finally, some issues concerning inference are discussed.

Family Dysfunction and Female Delinquency

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Leslie Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Female Delinquency ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
The Family ◽  
Status Offenses

This article examines the family backgrounds of a group of women who, as adolescents in the early 1960s, were committed to the California Youth Authority predominantly for status offenses and continued their criminal behavior into adulthood. Particular attention is paid to various measures of dysfunction, including family violence, parent-child conflict, family size, structure, and stability. Little variation existed within the various independent measures; all of the women came from dysfunctional homes. The manner in which these young women were dealt with by the Youth Authority is examined within the context of the cultural attitudes of that particular time.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Ann E. Dickerson ◽  
E. Perry Crump ◽  
Carrell P. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Mother's Educational Level ◽  
Social Area

Within the framework of a project designed to study the growth and development of Negro children, a longitudinal study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the child-training practices of a group of mothers whose children were subjects of the project, and comparing these findings with those from related investigations. The study was focused upon the child-training practices of 144 mothers in the areas of toileting, feeding, and dressing when their children were between 15 and 30 months of age. The data for this study were obtained when the psychologist interviewed the mothers during the administration of the Gesell Developmental Schedules. Assessment of progress in the areas of toileting, feeding and dressing is included in the personal-social area of the Gesell Schedules. It is apparent from the results of this study that mothers encouraged self-help and independence in the areas of dressing and feeding, with the exception of the use of a bottle. However, in the category of toileting this was not true, inasmuch as emphasis upon self-management in daily toilet habits seemed to be at a minimum. These findings indicate that the mothers were permissive with regard to toilet-training and weaning. These practices and their patterns of breast-feeding agree with those practices advocated by the most recent edition of Infant Care. The mother's educational level, the sex of the child, or the number of children in the family were not found to be significantly related to the child-training practices used by the mothers in this study. The data in this study are in agreement with White's finding that there is "a need for revising our ideas about social class differences in child-rearing practices." It is, of course, recognized that the lack of significant differences or relationships in this study does not prove that no such differences or relationships exist. It does, however, indicate that none can be recognized for this population from the available data. Differences in attitude as well as practice, on the part of the mothers, may well be prevalent; but they apparently are not reflected in the development of the children in the areas of toiletry, feeding and dressing as measured by the Gesell Schedules.

Divorce in the family and its psychological impact on the adolescent

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
M. Iskakova ◽  
◽  
T. Nurzhanova ◽  
A. Sapargaliyeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The purpose of this article is to review and describe the psychosocial impact of divorce on children and adolescents facing divorce situations in their lives, as well as to provide psychological intervention for their emotional well- being. Recently, problems related to the family have become increasingly relevant in society. The modern family has undergone major changes: its size and number of children have decreased, the roles of the older brother and sister have not become so great, and the influence of the older generation is not unconditional. But the most important thing is that the number of divorces has increased dramatically — almost every second marriage breaks up. But divorce is a strong shock for all family members, and first of all, for children. High divorce rates recorded in Kazakhstan, especially in cities, are one of the most serious consequences of the imbalance in family relationships. Finally, some suggestions were included regarding methodological considerations in conducting prospective research.

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