A Paradoxical Dissociation in the Effects of Midazolam on Recollection and Automatic Processes in the Process Dissociation Procedure

2003 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Z. Mintzer ◽  
Roland R. Griffiths ◽  
Elliot Hirshman
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Process Dissociation Procedure

Process-Dissociation Procedure: A Testable Model for Considering Assumptions About the Stochastic Relation Between Consciously Controlled and Automatic Processes

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Vaterrodt-Plünnecke ◽  
Thomas Krüger ◽  
Jürgen Bredenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Stochastic Independence ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Process Dissociation Procedure ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Conscious Processes ◽  
Testable Model

Abstract. This paper presents an extension of the process-dissociation procedure with wordstem completion, which makes possible the measurement of the stochastic relationship between consciously controlled and automatic processes. By means of an indirect wordstem completion test, the conditional probabilities of conscious remembering with and without automatic processes can be successfully determined. A multinomial model for the evaluation of this extended process-dissociation procedure is presented. This model makes the distinction between voluntary and involuntary conscious memory processes possible and has been applied to two experiments discussed in this paper. The results show that the assumption of stochastic independence is often violated, albeit not as strongly as predicted by the redundancy or exclusivity model variants. Two conscious processes were found, voluntary and involuntary conscious memory processes, each with a different probability of occurrence.

scholarly journals Testing the Process Dissociation Procedure by Behavioral and Neuroimaging Data: The Establishment of the Mutually Exclusive Theory and the Improved PDP

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Zhang ◽  
Xiangpeng Wang ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Antao Chen ◽  
Dianzhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Implicit Sequence Learning ◽  
Variable Stimulus ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Process Dissociation Procedure ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Knowledge Types ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
The Brain

The process dissociation procedure (PDP) of implicit sequence learning states that the correct inclusion-task response contains the incorrect exclusion-task response. However, there has been no research to test the hypothesis. The current study used a single variable (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony SOA: 850 ms vs. 1350 ms) between-subjects design, with pre-task resting-state fMRI, to test and improve the classical PDP to the mutually exclusive theory (MET). (1) Behavioral data and neuroimaging data demonstrated that the classical PDP has not been validated. In the SOA = 850 ms group, the correct inclusion-task response was at chance, but the incorrect exclusion-task response occurred greater than chance. In the SOA = 850 ms group, the two responses were not correlated, but in the SOA = 1,350 ms group and putting the two groups together, the two responses were in contrast to each other. In each group, brain areas whose amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in the resting-state related to the two responses were either completely different or opposite to one another. However, the results were perfectly consistent with the MET proposed by the present study which suggests that the correct inclusion-task response is equal to the correct exclusion-task response is equal to C + A1, and the incorrect exclusion-task response is equal to A2. C denotes the controlled response and A1 and A2 denote two different automatic responses. (2) The improved PDP was proposed to categorize the 12 kinds of triplets as delineating four knowledge types, namely non-acquisition of knowledge, uncontrollable knowledge, half-controllable knowledge, and controllable knowledge with the MET. ALFFs in the resting-state could predict the four knowledge types of the improved PDP among two groups. The participants’ control of the four knowledge types (degree of consciousness) gradually improved. Correspondingly, the brain areas in the resting-state positively related to the four knowledge types, gradually changed from the sensory and motor network to the somatic sensorimotor network, and then to the implicit learning network, and then to the consciousness network. The brain areas in the resting-state negatively related to the four knowledge types gradually changed from the consciousness network to the sensory and motor network. As SOA increased, the brain areas associated with almost all the four knowledge types changed. (3) The inhomogeneous hypothesis of the MET is best suited to interpret behavioral and neuroimaging data; it states that the same components among the four knowledge types are not homogeneous, and the same knowledge types are not homogeneous between the two SOA groups.

scholarly journals The effect of midazolam on conscious, controlled processing: Evidence from the process-dissociation procedure

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Hirshman ◽  
Julia Fisher ◽  
Thomas Henthorn ◽  
Jason Arndt ◽  
Anthony Passannante
Keyword(s):  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Process Dissociation Procedure ◽  
Controlled Processing
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