Letter Identification and Lateral Masking in Dyslexic and Average Readers

1990 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Goolkasian ◽  
Janine King
Keyword(s):  
Letter Identification ◽  
Lateral Masking ◽  
Average Readers

Letter Identification and Lateral Masking in Dyslexics and Normal Readers

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger‐Kristin Bjaalid ◽  
Torleiv Høien ◽  
Ingvar Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Letter Identification ◽  
Lateral Masking

The Relation Between Linguistic Awareness Skills and Spelling in Adults: A Comparison Among Scoring Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1253
Author(s):  
Victoria S. Henbest ◽  
Lisa Fitton ◽  
Krystal L. Werfel ◽  
Kenn Apel
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Awareness ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Syntactic Awareness ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Spelling Performance ◽  
Linguistic Awareness ◽  
Average Readers

Purpose Spelling is a skill that relies on an individual's linguistic awareness, the ability to overtly manipulate language. The ability to accurately spell is important for academic and career success into adulthood. The spelling skills of adults have received some attention in the literature, but there is limited information regarding which approach for analyzing adults' spelling is optimal for guiding instruction or intervention for those who struggle. Thus, we aimed to examine the concurrent validity of four different scoring methods for measuring adults' spellings (a dichotomous scoring method and three continuous methods) and to determine whether adults' linguistic awareness skills differentially predict spelling outcomes based on the scoring method employed. Method Sixty undergraduate college students who were determined to be average readers as measured by a word reading and contextual word reading task were administered a spelling task as well as morphological, orthographic, phonemic, and syntactic awareness tasks. Results All four scoring methods were highly correlated suggesting high concurrent validity among the measures. Two linguistic awareness skills, morphological awareness and syntactic awareness, predicted spelling performance on both the dichotomous and continuous scoring methods. Contrastively, phonemic awareness and orthographic awareness predicted spelling performance only when spelling was scored using a continuous measure error analysis. Conclusions The results of this study confirm that multiple linguistic awareness skills are important for spelling in adults who are average readers. The results also highlight the need for using continuous measures of spelling when planning intervention or instruction, particularly in the areas of orthographic and phonemic awareness.

Perceptual and lexical effects in letter identification: An event-related potential study of the word superiority effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 1098 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara D. Martin ◽  
Tatjana Nazir ◽  
Guillaume Thierry ◽  
Yves Paulignan ◽  
Jean-François Démonet
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Word Superiority Effect ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Lexical Effects

On the Relation between Visual Spatial Attention and Visual Field Asymmetries

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A Mondor ◽  
M.P. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

In the typical visual laterality experiment, words and letters are more rapidly and accurately identified in the right visual field than in the left. However, while such studies usually control fixation, the deployment of visual attention is rarely restricted. The present studies investigated the influence of visual attention on the visual field asymmetries normally observed in single-letter identification and lexical decision tasks. Attention was controlled using a peripheral cue that provided advance knowledge of the location of the forthcoming stimulus. The time period between the onset of the cue and the onset of the stimulus (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony—SOA) was varied, such that the time available for attention to focus upon the location was controlled. At short SO As a right visual field advantage for identifying single letters and for making lexical decisions was apparent. However, at longer SOAs letters and words presented in the two visual fields were identified equally well. It is concluded that visual field advantages arise from an interaction of attentional and structural factors and that the attentional component in visual field asymmetries must be controlled in order to approximate more closely a true assessment of the relative functional capabilities of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Letter Identification in Words and Non-Words, with Variation in Visual Angle and Delay of Position Cue

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Solman
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Letter String ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Word Superiority Effect ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Critical Letter ◽  
Contextual Constraint ◽  
Perceptual Locus

Two experiments are described in which subjects were required to report the name of a single position-cued ‘critical’ letter in a tachistoscopically displayed string of four letters. The stimulus characters were arranged to form three types of letter strings: (i) strings in which the letters did not form words; (ii) words in which contextual constraint of the critical letters was minimised; and (iii) words in which contextual constraint of the critical letters was maximised. The serial position of the letter to be identified in each string was cued at delays of −500, −100, and +500 ms, in experiment 1 and at delays of −510 and +510 ms in experiment 2, and in both experiments one group of subjects responded to letter strings which subtended a horizontal visual angle of 3·95 deg, while a second group responded to strings which subtended 1·02 deg. Correct identifications of critical letters showed that the presentation of words resulted in superior performance. This ‘word superiority effect’ is consistent with earlier findings implying that it has a perceptual locus. For the stimuli which subtended the large visual angle the word advantage was detrimentally affected only when the position of the critical letter to be identified was cued either 500 or 510 ms prior to the display of the letter string.

scholarly journals Learning letter identification in peripheral vision

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T.L. Chung ◽  
Dennis M. Levi ◽  
Bosco S. Tjan
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Letter Identification
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