Cognitive Effort and the Word Frequency Effect in Recognition and Lexical Decision

1987 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Mutter ◽  
Shahin Hashtroudi
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect

Demythologizing the word frequency effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Baayen
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Dual Route ◽  
Dual Route Model

This study starts from the hypothesis, first advanced by McDonald and Shillcock (2001), that the word frequency effect for a large part reflects local syntactic co-occurrence. It is shown that indeed the word frequency effect in the sense of pure repeated exposure accounts for only a small proportion of the variance in lexical decision, and that local syntactic and morphological co-occurrence probabilities are what makes word frequency a powerful predictor for lexical decision latencies. A comparison of two computational models, the cascaded dual route model (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001) and the Naive Discriminative Reader (Baayen, Milin, Filipovic Durdjevic, Hendrix, & Marelli, 2010), indicates that only the latter model properly captures the quantitative weight of the latent dimensions of lexical variation as predictors of response times. Computational models that account for frequency of occurrence by some mechanism equivalent to a counter in the head therefore run the risk of overestimating the role of frequency as repetition, of overestimating the importance of words’ form properties, and of underestimating the importance of contextual learning during past experience in proficient reading.

scholarly journals The word frequency effect in lexical decision: Finding a frequency-based component

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Gardner ◽  
E. Z. Rothkopf ◽  
Richard Lapan ◽  
Toby Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect

Evidence for an Activation Locus of the Word-Frequency Effect in Lexical Decision.

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Allen ◽  
Albert F. Smith ◽  
Mei-Ching Lien ◽  
Jeremy Grabbe ◽  
Martin D. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect

scholarly journals Word Frequency Effect in Lexical Decision Task: Evidence from Khalkha Mongolian

2019 ◽  
pp. 1954-1964
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Vlasov ◽  
Tumee Odonchimeg ◽  
Vasha Sainbaiar ◽  
Tat‘iana I. Gromoglasova
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Word Frequency Effect ◽  
Lexical Memory ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Experimental Findings

In experimental psycholinguistics, one clue into the architecture of lexical memory comes from the presence of robust frequency effects in lexical decision task (LDT), in which subjects judge whether a written stimulus is a real word or a nonword, and processing complexity is measured by reaction time (RT). For example, in LDT the visual word recognition process is facilitated (or inhibited) by word frequency as measured from the representative corpus. Our study verifies the word frequency effect in standard (“yes/no task”) LDT performed by Khalkha Mongolian subjects. The results showed strong weight of word frequency as RTs predictor (R2 = .631, F (1, 28) = 50.57, p < .000, β = .802, t = 7.111, p < .000). Our experimental results also correspond to experimental findings on word frequency effects for Japanese Katakana (syllabic) and Kanji (logographic) words in standard LDT. Such lexical decision “script moderation” could be the actual clue for further LDT experiments (e. g., relatively “deep” Mongolian script vs. “shallow” Cyrillic Mongolian)

Aging and the word frequency effect: A lexical decision investigation

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josèphe Tainturier ◽  
Martin Tremblay ◽  
AndréRoch Lecours
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect

scholarly journals Visual word recognition in a second language: A test of the lexical entrenchment hypothesis with lexical decision times

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC BRYSBAERT ◽  
EVELYNE LAGROU ◽  
MICHAËL STEVENS
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Word Frequency Effect ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Decision Times

The word frequency effect is stronger in second language (L2) processing than in first language (L1) processing. According to the lexical entrenchment hypothesis, this difference is not due to a qualitative difference in word processing between L1 and L2, but can be explained by differences in exposure to the target language: People with less exposure to a language show a steeper frequency curve for that language. Exposure differences can be measured with a vocabulary test. The present study tested whether the lexical entrenchment hypothesis provides an adequate explanation for differences in lexical decision times. To this end, we compared the performance of 56 Dutch–English bilinguals to that of 1011 English L1 speakers on 420 English six-letter words. In line with previous research, the differences in the word frequency effect between word processing in L1 and in L2 became vanishingly small once vocabulary size was entered as a predictor. Only in a diffusion model analysis did we find some evidence that the information build-up may be slower in L1 than in L2, independent of vocabulary size. We further report effects of cognates, age-of-acquisition, and neighborhood size that can also be explained in terms of differences in exposure.

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