The United States and Its Chief Competitors in South American Trade

1927 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence F. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
American Trade

scholarly journals The Politics of Brazilian Foreign Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Malamud ◽  
Júlio C. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
South American ◽  
University Departments ◽  
General Field ◽  
Foreign Ministry

From November 1902 through February 1912, four presidents governed Brazil. Throughout all this period, though, only one person headed the foreign ministry: José Maria da Silva Paranhos Jr., alias Baron of Rio Branco (20 April 1845–10 February 1912). This political wonder and diplomatic giant was to shape Brazil’s international doctrine and diplomatic traditions for the following century. His major achievement was to peacefully solve all of Brazil’s border disputes with its South American neighbors. Founded in 1945, Brazil’s prestigious diplomatic school carries his name, Instituto Rio Branco, and, since the early 2000s, Brazilian foreign policy has become the largest subfield of international relations in university departments across the country. Indeed, Brazilian foreign policy is to Brazilian academia what American politics is to US academia, namely, a singular phenomenon that has taken over a general field. In contrast with the United States, most in-depth research from about 1998 to 2010 came from foreign-based scholars; however, since then a large cadre of mostly young academics in Brazil have seized the agenda. Unlike the pre-2000 period, the orientation has been toward public policy rather than diplomatic history. That the top Brazilian journals of international relations are now published in English rather than Portuguese attests to the increasing internationalization of the field.

A Vital Link in Wartime: The Organization of a Trade and Shipping Network Between the United States and Bordeaux, 1793-1815

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marzagalli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
American Trade

This chapter explores the mercantile advantages of American neutrality during the wartime period of 1793-1815, by analysing the extension and organisation of American shipping with the major port of Bordeaux. It places Franco-American trade in historical context, then traces the evolution of the trade; the role of American shipowners and traders; and the necessary utilisation of the ‘human network’ withiin transatlantic trade, to confirm the tremendous profitability of Franco-American trade during the period.

A Note on the Interpenetration of Anglo-American Finance, 1837–1841

1951 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Financial History ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Panic Of 1837 ◽  
American Trade

There is a widespread impression among students of American financial history that, in the period immediately following the panic of 1837, American financiers engaged in sharp practices amounting to the wholesale deception of British bankers and European investors. This impression has been fostered especially in connection with the well-known episode of the partial or complete repudiation of state bonds by Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, Louisiana, Michigan, and Florida in the 1840's. According to the charge, the large British bankers originally transacted business in the United States only through old and established bankers and agents. This enabled them to avoid the more speculative securities. Much of the distribution of bonds in England was done through three British firms, which were prominent in the merchant-banking business for the American trade: Thomas Wilson & Co., Timothy Wiggin & Co., and Geo. Wildes & Co.—popularly known as the 3 W's. A change for the worse occurred—so the charge runs—when these firms were forced to suspend payments because of the financial strain in England and the United States in 1837. After the resumption of specie payments in the United States the following year, a more speculative type of American banker, assisted by high-pressure salesmen who were sent to England, was prominent in financiering. These agents were so persuasive that they involved the British bankers in the wildest of schemes, and these bankers, in turn, disposed of American securities to equally innocent investors.

Canada will struggle to diversify trade

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic News ◽  
American Trade

Significance US efforts to renegotiate NAFTA were already tense, but this round of talks comes after Canada filed a wide-ranging complaint at the WTO over US trade practices. Meanwhile, the implementation of the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the revival of an eleven-member version of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) without the United States could bring some good economic news to Canada. However, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s Liberals have been rebuffed in their efforts to begin free trade agreement (FTA) talks with China. Impacts Canada’s WTO case could make Trump more likely to leave NAFTA after this negotiation round. Resumed WTO tariffs in North American trade may see higher lumber, minerals, oil and other commodities prices. Bureaucratic interventions defending national interests in Canadian and EU government procurement will blunt CETA’s potential.

Inter-American Trade in the Early 1870s— A State Department Survey

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Pletcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
State Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
American Business ◽  
Permanent Cure ◽  
Centennial Celebrations ◽  
American Trade

A hundred years ago the United States had one of the worst depressions in its history. The disastrous drop in wages, prices, and output threw the mid-1870s into deep gloom and made the Centennial celebrations of 1876 seem to many persons no more than a bad joke. In subsequent years no one found a permanent cure for depressions, but during the late 1870s and 1880s a conviction developed that the Federal government must do more to aid American foreign trade. Thereafter the State Department cooperated increasingly with American business to expand the nation’s influence abroad.

Factory Politics in Britain and the United States: Engineers and Machinists, 1914–1919

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-85
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Haydu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Organization Of Production ◽  
American Trade

The priorities of British and American trade unions center predominantly on the economic rewards received by union members. Collective bargaining and strikes typically focus on how much employers must pay for labor (in wages, pensions, and other benefits) rather than on how the labor, once purchased, may be used. Basic decisions regarding the organization of production are not considered by most unionists as legitimate issues for negotiation. Disputes over working conditions do arise, of course, but rarely concern securing for labor the rights of management. They involve instead efforts to protect jobs and work practices from encroachment by employers or poaching by other unions. In short, labor's goals are largely economistic, defensive, and sectional.

scholarly journals Bluetongue disease and seroprevalence in South American camelids from the northwestern region of the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Allen ◽  
James B. Stanton ◽  
James F. Evermann ◽  
Lindsay M. Fry ◽  
Melissa G. Ackerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Bluetongue Disease
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