scholarly journals Allometry of Litter Mass in Bats: Maternal Size, Wing Morphology, and Phylogeny

1996 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hayssen ◽  
T. H. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Maternal Size

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

Litter mass, deposition rate, and decomposition in nitrogen‐fertilized or grass–legume grazing systems

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Jaramillo ◽  
Jose C. B. Dubeux ◽  
Lynn Sollenberger ◽  
Cheryl Mackowiak ◽  
Joao M. B. Vendramini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Grazing Systems

Effects of management on plant litter traits and consequences for litter mass loss and Collembola functional diversity in a Mediterranean agro-forest system

Pedobiologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Nascimento ◽  
Filipa Reis ◽  
Filipe Chichorro ◽  
Cristina Canhoto ◽  
Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Litter Mass Loss

The influence of wing morphology and echolocation on the gleaning ability of the insectivorous bat Myotis tricolor

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1854-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Stoffberg ◽  
David S Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Mole Crickets ◽  
Wing Tips ◽  
Wing Tip

On the basis of its external morphology, Myotis tricolor (Temminck, 1832) should be able to both aerial-feed and glean. Furthermore, this bat is known to use broadband calls of short duration, reinforcing the prediction that it gleans. However, results from this study indicate that M. tricolor does not commonly glean. This conclusion was reached after studying the foraging behaviour of M. tricolor in a flight room. We presented M. tricolor with mealworms, moths, mole crickets, beetles, and cicadas in a variety of ways that required either gleaning and (or) aerial feeding. Although M. tricolor readily took tethered prey, it did not take any of the variety of insects presented to it in a manner that required gleaning. We therefore compared its wing morphology and echolocation calls with those of several known gleaners, Nycteris thebaica E. Geoffroy, 1818, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831), and Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897), and an aerial forager, Neoromicia capensis (A. Smith, 1829). In a discriminant analysis wing-tip shape was the only variable to provide some degree of discrimination between species, with M. tricolor having more pointed wing tips than the known gleaners. Discriminant analysis of echolocation-call parameters grouped M. tricolor with the other Myotis species and separated it from N. capensis and N. thebaica. However, M. tricolor did not use harmonics as did the other Myotis species. The apparent failure of M. tricolor to glean might therefore be due to its relatively pointed wings and narrow-bandwidth echolocation calls, owing to the absence of harmonics in its calls.

Effect of Maternal Size, Reproductive Season and Interannual Variability in Offspring Provisioning of Carcinus maenas in a Coastal Lagoon

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa Rey ◽  
M. Rosário M. Domingues ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
Rui Rosa ◽  
María D. M. Orgaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Maternal Size

scholarly journals The energy allocation trade-offs underlying life history traits in hypometabolic strepsirhines and other primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Simmen ◽  
Luca Morino ◽  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Cécile Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Interbirth Interval ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractLife history, brain size and energy expenditure scale with body mass in mammals but there is little conclusive evidence for a correlated evolution between life history and energy expenditure (either basal/resting or daily) independent of body mass. We addressed this question by examining the relationship between primate free-living daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured by doubly labeled water method (n = 18 species), life history variables (maximum lifespan, gestation and lactation duration, interbirth interval, litter mass, age at first reproduction), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and brain size. We also analyzed whether the hypometabolic primates of Madagascar (lemurs) make distinct energy allocation tradeoffs compared to other primates (monkeys and apes) with different life history traits and ecological constraints. None of the life-history traits correlated with DEE after controlling for body mass and phylogeny. In contrast, a regression model showed that DEE increased with increasing RMR and decreasing reproductive output (i.e., litter mass/interbirth interval) independent of body mass. Despite their low RMR and smaller brains, lemurs had an average DEE remarkably similar to that of haplorhines. The data suggest that lemurs have evolved energy strategies that maximize energy investment to survive in the unusually harsh and unpredictable environments of Madagascar at the expense of reproduction.

Limitations and gaps in global bat wing morphology trait data

Mammal Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Crane ◽  
Inês Silva ◽  
Matthew J. Grainger ◽  
George A. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Bat Wing
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