A Body-Weight Criterion to Identify Dispersing Small Mammals

1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Dueser ◽  
R. K. Rose ◽  
J. H. Porter
1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard I. Kleinman ◽  
Edward P. Radford

Ventilation standards for small mammals have been prepared on the basis of the relationship between alveolar ventilation and metabolism. On the assumptions of an average respiratory quotient of 0.85 and physiological dead space directly proportional to tidal volume, the relationship between tidal volume, breathing frequency, and body weight has been derived. The standards are presented in a graphic form and as a slide rule. animal ventilation; artificial respiration; tidal volume, breathing frequency and body weight relationship Submitted on August 15, 1963


1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg ◽  
KC Martin ◽  
NF Price

Following a capture-mark-release program (February 1977-June 1979) on Dasyurus hallucatus, Antechinus bilarni, Zyzomys argurus and Zyzomys woodwardi, the study area was burnt to determine the effects of fire on these species. The area was described in terms of fuel characteristics and details of the fire were recorded. Post-fire trapping began July 1979 and continued until July 1980 (15,600 trap-nights). A. bilarni was the only species to suffer an increased mortality immediately after the fire, but the number of animals known to be alive declined over the year following the fire, for all species except D. hallucatus. The fire affected reproduction in all four species, but in different ways. Breeding in D. hallucatus was delayed by 1 month, and the mean number of young leaving the pouch per female was lower than before the fire. A higher number of resident females kept recruitment up. Litter size in A. bilarni was not affected, but a reduced number of resident females meant that recruitment was halved. Zyzomys argurus and Z. woodwardi showed few lactating and pregnant females in July-August following the fire, and the numbers of juveniles were lower than in the previous two years. Following the fire, no detectable differences in body weight were recorded, but all species except D. hallucatus changed their preferred habitat, moving to the Scree Slope. Z. woodwardi was most affected, and moved from the Closed Forest.


1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Begg

In a capture-mark-release program on Antechinus bilarni at Little Nourlangie Rock, N.T., from February 1977 to June 1979, 34,800 trap nights were set, for a total catch of 174 males and 162 females. Breeding is strictly seasonal, with mating around late June. Pouch young are carried in August and September. Lactation continues until December, when free-living young are first trapped. Males show a seasonal increase in testes size, with a decrease after mating. There is no die-off of males; both males and females may survive for a second breeding season. Males undergo a second cycle of increase in testes size, and histological sampling revealed spermatogenesis during their second breeding season. Individual males and females were trapped for up to 24 and 25 months respectively; KTBA estimates are similar for both sexes. Both sexes continue to increase in body weight throughout life. although males lose weight substantially after each breeding season. Sex ratios dropped during October of each year because the activity and trappability of males dropped. Males were recaptured with the onset of the wet season. The preferred habitat was scree slope, at an altitude of around 40-55 m. Some seasonal shifts in habitat were probably related to food availability.


1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Catling

The recolonization of heathland habitats by small mammals after wildfire was examined in Nadgee Nature Reserve, south-eastern New South Wales. The first native small mammal to arrive was R. lutreolus. Thickets of tall vegetation were very important and these were colonized via a network of runways leading from one thicket to another. R. lutreolus were reproductively active at a lower body weight on previously empty (marginal) heathland habitats than in preferred habitats. After fire, abundance and species diversity of small mammals increased as habitats aged and grew in complexity. Survival was best on the most structurally complex habitats. Different requirements of habitat and water are suggested as the main reasons R. lutreolus were first to colonize heathland, rather than R. fuscrpes. It is also proposed that the lack of competition from Pseudomys spp. may cause R. lutreolus to switch from the usual 'late regeneration niche' to an 'early' one. Past studies have proposed the reduction in burning since European settlement as a cause of the decline in several pseudomyine species. This paper proposes that too frequent burning may have the same result.


1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krebs ◽  
Irene Wingate ◽  
Janice LeDuc ◽  
James A. Redfield ◽  
Mary Taitt ◽  
...  

If spacing behavior limits the breeding density of small mammals, the colonization of vacant areas by surplus animals ought to show how and when population regulation is achieved. Two 0.8-ha areas near Vancouver, British Columbia, were cleared of voles from May 1971 to December 1973 and the colonization of the cleared areas was monitored every 2nd week. All colonists were removed. The colonization rate of the experimental areas was most rapid when populations were increasing rapidly in the adjacent control areas, and much of the loss of individuals in increasing control populations was due to dispersal rather than death. In declining populations very little dispersal occurred. Voles of high body weight (> 60 g) were characteristic of late increase and peak populations, but few of these heavy voles dispersed to the vacant experimental areas. Weight at sexual maturity was lower in colonizing voles, particularly among females. About 25% more males than females dispersed into the vacant areas. Colonizing voles were not a genetically random subsample from the control populations. Some leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) genotypes were more prone to dispersal, particularly when populations were increasing. These results are in agreement with the results of earlier experiments on Microtus pennsylvanicus and M. ochrogaster, and they point to the need for more detailed studies of the dispersal process in voles.


1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda White ◽  
Howard Haines ◽  
Thomas Adams

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