Scent-Marking Behavior in Three Species of Woodrats (Neotoma) in Captivity

1977 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Scent Marking ◽  
In Captivity

Behaviour of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Goldfuss), in Captivity IV.* Scent-Marking

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scent Marking ◽  
Scent Mark ◽  
Sternal Gland ◽  
Displaced Aggression ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Rival Male ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

Male koalas scent-mark by grasping a vertical object, generally a tree, and rubbing the sternal gland against it. The behaviour first appears at 3 y of age, and reaches a peak a year or two later. It is frequently performed in conjunction with bellowing, especially in response to agonistic encounters or the bellow of a rival male, and often by itself in circumstances where a bellow might be expected. It is sometimes a response to unfamiliar surroundings or objects, and otherwise is performed by a male moving about a pen. Scent-marking may primarily be a response to unfamiliarity which, having become associated with displaced aggression, has been entrained to the bellowing drive.

Behavioural context and possible function of scent marking by cheek rubbing in the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1650-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Ferron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Marking Behaviour

A contextual analysis of scent marking by cheek rubbing in wild red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), based on the study of behavioural time budgets and sequences, is presented. Scent-marking rates do not differ significantly between adult males and females. Comparison of the relative frequency of occurrence of each behaviour pattern in a scent-marking context with the relative frequency of these patterns in all other contexts reveals that locomotion, alertness, grooming, food carrying, and gnawing have a higher probability of occurrence when there is cheek rubbing. These results concur with earlier findings in captivity. Contextual analysis in the wild clearly indicates low association of cheek rubbing with social context and greater use of this behaviour at grooming and resting sites and along the path used by the marking animal. This suggests that cheek rubbing is mainly self-oriented to maintain the animal's familiarity with its home range. This scent-marking behaviour may also be used to advertise occupancy of a given territory to conspecifics.

Scent Marking Around the Breeding Season in Two Newly Formed Mexican Grey Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) Pairs Kept in Captivity

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
I. Escobar-Ib ◽  
L. Mayagoitia . ◽  
C. Gonzalez-Rebeles . ◽  
R. Ramirez-Necoechea . ◽  
D. Mota . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Canis Lupus Baileyi

Avipoxvirus detected in tumor-like lesions in a white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 818-823
Author(s):  
Juliana F.V. Braga ◽  
Rodrigo M. Couto ◽  
Marcelo C. Rodrigues ◽  
Roselene Ecco
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Avian Pox ◽  
Tumor Like Lesions

ABSTRACT: Avipoxvirus is the etiological agent of the avian pox, a well-known disease of captive and wild birds, and it has been associated with tumor-like lesions in some avian species. A white-faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna viduata) raised in captivity was referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Northeast due to cutaneous nodules present in both wings. A few days after the clinical examination, the animal died naturally. Once submitted to necropsy, histopathological evaluation of the lesions revealed clusters of proliferating epithelial cells expanding toward the dermis. Some of these cells had round, well-defined, intracytoplasmic eosinophilic material suggestive of poxvirus inclusion (Bollinger bodies). PCR performed on the DNA extracted from tissue samples amplified a fragment of the 4b core protein gene (fpv167), which was purified and sequenced. This fragment of Avipoxvirus DNA present in these tumor-like lesions showed high genetic homology (100.0%) with other poxviruses detected in different avian species in several countries, but none of them were related to tumor-like lesions or squamous cell carcinoma. This is the first report of Avipoxvirus detected in tumor-like lesions of a white-faced whistling duck with phylogenetic analysis of the virus.

scholarly journals Effect of captivity on morphology: negligible changes in external morphology mask significant changes in internal morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 172470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Courtney Jones ◽  
Adam J. Munn ◽  
Phillip G. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse ( Mus musculus ) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no statistically significant differences in external morphology, but after one generation in captivity there was evidence for a shift in the internal morphology of captive-reared mice; captive-reared mice (two generations bred) had lighter combined kidney and spleen masses compared with wild-caught mice. Sexual dimorphism was maintained in captivity. Our findings demonstrate that captive breeding can alter internal morphology. Given that these morphological changes may impact organismal functioning and viability following release, further investigation is warranted. If the morphological change is shown to be maladaptive, these changes would have significant implications for captive-source populations that are used for reintroduction, including reduced survivorship.

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