A Method for Correlating Bladder Emptying and Total Activity in Rodents

1958 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Mona R. Meltzer ◽  
G. Edgar Folk
Keyword(s):  
Total Activity ◽  
Bladder Emptying

scholarly journals Evaluating Sleep Characteristics in Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ok ◽  
H. Yilmaz ◽  
D. Tok ◽  
K. Erbüyün ◽  
S. Çoban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Icu Physicians

Healthcare workers’ cognitive performances and alertness are highly vulnerable to sleep loss and circadian rhythms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in sleep characteristics of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU physicians. Actigraphic sleep parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were evaluated for ICU and non-ICU physicians on the day before shift-work and on three consecutive days after shift-work. Total sleep time, sleep latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, total activity score, movement fragmentation index, sleep efficiency, daytime naps and total nap duration were also calculated by actigraph. In the ICU physicians, the mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was significantly higher than the non-ICU physicians (P=0.001), however mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were not found significantly different between the two groups. None of the scores for objective sleep parameters were statistically different between the groups when evaluated before and after shift-work (P >0.05). However in both ICU and non-ICU physicians, sleep latency was observed to be decreased within the three consecutive-day period after shift-work with respect to basal values (P <0.001). Total sleep time, total activity score and sleep efficiency scores prior to shift-work were significantly different from shift-work and the three consecutive-days after shift-work, in both groups. Working in the ICU does not have an impact on objective sleep characteristics of physicians in this study. Large cohort studies are required to determine long-term health concerns of shift-working physicians.

scholarly journals Behavioral and stress responses to feeding time in pregnant sows under limit-fed regime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayford Manu ◽  
Suhyup Lee ◽  
Mike C Keyes ◽  
Jim Cairns ◽  
Samuel K Baidoo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feeding Schedule ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Anticipatory Activity ◽  
Total P

Abstract We investigated the effect of feeding time on behavior and stress responses in pregnant sows under isocaloric conditions. Twenty-four sows were balanced for parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 feeding times. Corn-soybean meal-based diet was fed once at: 0730 (Control, T1), 1130 (T2), and 1530 h (T3). On average, sows received 7062 kcal ME/d from 2.20 kg of diet formulated to contain SID Lys/ME of 1.71 g/Mcal. The study was conducted for 28 days (21 d acclimation to the feeding regime and 7 days data collection). Saliva samples were collected every 2 hours for 12 hr in stalls on day 52 of pregnancy. Behavior data were collected 24 hr for 7 d from day 53 of gestating by affixing a remote insights ear tag to each sow. Each sow had 120,960 data points categorized into: "Active", "Feed" or "Dormant". Due to housing constraint, all sows were housed in individual stalls in the same barn presenting a potential limitation of the study. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.4 for cortisol and behavior data, respectively. Sow was the experimental unit. The area under the curve (AUC) is quantitative evaluation of response as threshold varies over all possible values. A 12-hr cortisol total area under the curve (AUC) for sows fed once daily at 1130 h was reduced relative to sow group fed at 1530 h (P = 0.046) but similar compared with the control sows (P = 0. 323). The control sows (0730 h) had reduced total (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding (P = 0.001) activity AUCs relative to sows on 1130 but did not differ compared with sows on 1530 h feeding schedules (P &gt; 0.100). Sows on 1130 h feeding schedule had greater feed anticipatory activity (FAA), 24-hr total activity count, total (P &lt; 0.001) and feeding (P &lt; 0.001) activity AUC compared with sows fed daily at 1530 h. In conclusion, feeding pregnant sows earlier in the morning (0730 h) appears to minimize sows’ behavior but similar cortisol response. Sows on 1130 h feeding schedule had greater activities but reduced cortisol concentration, suggesting that elevated sow activity might not necessarily indicate activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

scholarly journals 82 The impact of feeding treats containing cannabidiol (CBD) on the daily activity level of dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Morris ◽  
Susanna E Kitts-Morgan ◽  
Dawn M Spangler ◽  
Kyle R McLeod ◽  
David L Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Growing public interest in and use of Cannabidiol (CBD) in companion animals has amplified the need to elucidate potential impacts. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of CBD on daily activity of adult dogs. Twenty-four dogs (18.0 ± 3.4 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design with treatments consisting of control, 2 mg CBD/kg BW/d, and 4 mg CBD/kg BW/d split between two treats administered after twice-daily exercise (7:00-9:00 and 17:00-19:00). Four hours each day (10:00-12:00, AM and 13:30-15:30, PM), were designated as time when no persons entered the kennels, with 2 h designated as Quiet Time and the other 2 h as Music Time, where calming music played over speakers. Quiet and Music sessions were randomly allotted to daily AM or PM times. Activity monitors were fitted to dogs’ collars for continuous collection of activity parameters. Data were collected over a 2-wk baseline period to block dogs by activity level (high or low) before randomly assigning dogs within each block to treatments. After 1 wk of treatment adaptation, activity parameters were collected for 2 wk. Data were tested for normality using the UNIVARIATE procedure in SAS before examining differences using the MIXED procedure in SAS, including effects of treatment, day, session (Quiet or Music), time of day (AM or PM), and accompanying interactions. CBD did not alter total activity points (P = 0.9971) or activity duration (P = 0.8776). CBD tended (P = 0.0692) to reduce scratching compared to control. Irrespective of treatment, dogs were more active in PM than AM (P &lt; 0.0001). Regardless of session, dogs receiving 4 mg/kg/d tended (P = 0.0914) to be less active in the PM than control. CBD did not affect activity duration during exercise periods (P = 0.1425), but dogs receiving CBD ran more than control (P = 0.0339). These results indicate that when supplemented up to 4 mg/kg/d, CBD does not negatively impact daily activity levels of dogs.

The Effect of Changes to Question Order on the Prevalence of ‘Sufficient’ Physical Activity in an Australian Population Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396
Author(s):  
Christine Hanley ◽  
Mitch J. Duncan ◽  
W. Kerry Mummery
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Question Order ◽  
Recreational Walking ◽  
Cati Survey ◽  
The Impact

Background:Population surveys are frequently used to assess prevalence, correlates and health benefits of physical activity. However, nonsampling errors, such as question order effects, in surveys may lead to imprecision in self reported physical activity. This study examined the impact of modified question order in a commonly used physical activity questionnaire on the prevalence of sufficient physical activity.Methods:Data were obtained from a telephone survey of adults living in Queensland, Australia. A total of 1243 adults participated in the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) survey conducted in July 2008 which included the Active Australia Questionnaire (AAQ) presented in traditional or modified order. Binary logistic regression analyses was used to examine relationships between question order and physical activity outcomes.Results:Significant relationships were found between question order and sufficient activity, recreational walking, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and total activity. Respondents who received the AAQ in modified order were more likely to be categorized as sufficiently active (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.01−1.60).Conclusions:This study highlights the importance of question order on estimates of self reported physical activity. This study has shown that changes in question order can lead to an increase in the proportion of participants classified as sufficiently active.

scholarly journals mHealth Interventions to Address Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5798
Author(s):  
Selina Khoo ◽  
Najihah Mohbin ◽  
Payam Ansari ◽  
Mahfoodha Al-Kitani ◽  
Andre Matthias Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

This review aimed to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the scientific literature on mobile health (mHealth) interventions to promote physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in cancer survivors. We searched six databases from 2000 to 13 April 2020 for controlled and non-controlled trials published in any language. We conducted best evidence syntheses on controlled trials to assess the strength of the evidence. All 31 interventions included in this review measured PA outcomes, with 10 of them also evaluating SB outcomes. Most study participants were adults/older adults with various cancer types. The majority (n = 25) of studies implemented multicomponent interventions, with activity trackers being the most commonly used mHealth technology. There is strong evidence for mHealth interventions, including personal contact components, in increasing moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA among cancer survivors. However, there is inconclusive evidence to support mHealth interventions in increasing total activity and step counts. There is inconclusive evidence on SB potentially due to the limited number of studies. mHealth interventions that include personal contact components are likely more effective in increasing PA than mHealth interventions without such components. Future research should address social factors in mHealth interventions for PA and SB in cancer survivors.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume and Activity Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
Emily Urban-Wojcik ◽  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Susan Charles ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Richard Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Volume ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The hippocampus, implicated in learning, memory, and spatial navigation, is one of the few brain structures that demonstrates neurogenesis across the lifespan. Hippocampal volume (HV), then, may be a marker of exposure to and engagement with novel events and environments, which may in turn be related to cognitive functioning. The present study examined the relationship between HV and activity diversity (AD), which characterizes the range and evenness of participation in daily activities. In 52 participants who completed the daily-diary and neuroscience projects of the Midlife in the United States Refresher study, greater levels of AD across an 8-day period were related to greater HV averaged across the left and right hemispheres when adjusting for overall brain volume, total activity time, time between projects, and relevant sociodemographic variables, b=1128mm3, t(43)=2.54, p=.015. These findings may point to a mechanism through which AD has been related to better cognitive and mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals Development of 18F-Labeled Radiotracers for PET Imaging of the Adenosine A2A Receptor: Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Preliminary Biological Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Thu Hang Lai ◽  
Susann Schröder ◽  
Magali Toussaint ◽  
Sladjana Dukić-Stefanović ◽  
Mathias Kranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptor ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
A2a Receptor ◽  
Adenosine A2a

The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) represents a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Aiming at the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer to monitor changes of receptor density and/or occupancy during the A2AR-tailored therapy, we designed a library of fluorinated analogs based on a recently published lead compound (PPY). Among those, the highly affine 4-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY1; Ki(hA2AR) = 5.3 nM) and the 2-fluorobenzyl derivate (PPY2; Ki(hA2AR) = 2.1 nM) were chosen for 18F-labeling via an alcohol-enhanced copper-mediated procedure starting from the corresponding boronic acid pinacol ester precursors. Investigations of the metabolic stability of [18F]PPY1 and [18F]PPY2 in CD-1 mice by radio-HPLC analysis revealed parent fractions of more than 76% of total activity in the brain. Specific binding of [18F]PPY2 on mice brain slices was demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography. In vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in CD-1 mice revealed a reasonable high initial brain uptake for both radiotracers, followed by a fast clearance.

Creatine kinase isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid in a case of brain damage.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Bayer ◽  
F Gabl ◽  
G Granditsch ◽  
K Widhalm ◽  
H Zyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes

Abstract We present a case of a 11/2-year-old boy with toxic enteritis, consecutive consumption coagulopathy, and sever brain damage. During the acute phase we found high activity of the BB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in the serum. Isoenzyme MM could also be found in the spinal fluid (37.9% of the total activity). We conclude that analysis for creatine kinase isoenzymes in spinal fluid is of clinical importance.

Influence of dietary proteins on rennin and pepsin content of preruminant calf vell

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascaline Garnot ◽  
E. Valles ◽  
J.-L. Thapon ◽  
R. Toullec ◽  
R. Tomassone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Cellulose Column ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

SummaryStudies were undertaken to determine the influence of dietary proteins on the rennin and pepsin contents of preruminant calf vell. Three groups of 12 Friesian calves were each fed either milk proteins, whey proteins or a 50:50 mixture of these 2 diets. They were slaughtered at a constant weight of 150kg and their vells collected and dried. Another group of vells was obtained from 8 animals that had been fed milk proteins in a separate experiment. The extraction of the abomasal enzymes was carried out at acid pH, and the extracts were quantitatively analysed for rennin and pepsin by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Qualitative analyses were also performed by agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The only enzymes observed using this last method were rennin and bovine pepsin II. Statistical analysis of the quantitative enzyme determinations indicated a trend for the vells from calves fed diets containing casein to be richer in total activity and in rennin, while the level of pepsin remained approximately constant. It seems that casein may induce the secretion of rennin. However, further experiments will be necessary to confirm this. Important differences were observed between the 2 groups of veils from calves given the same diet, but grown in slightly different conditions.

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