Collective Bargaining and the Competitive System: A Comment

1946 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joseph Shister
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Chromium VI and Fluoride Competitive Adsorption on Different Soils and By-Products

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Ana Quintáns-Fondo ◽  
Gustavo Ferreira-Coelho ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
Juan Carlos Nóvoa-Muñoz ◽  
David Fernández-Calviño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Bark ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
System A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Polluted Waters ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Soils ◽  
Oak Ash

Chromium (as Cr(VI)) and fluoride (F−) are frequently found in effluents from different industrial activities. In cases where these effluents reach soil, it can play an important role in retaining those pollutants. Similarly, different byproducts could act as bio-adsorbents to directly treat polluted waters or to enhance the purging potential of soil. In this work, we used batch-type experiments to study competitive Cr(VI) and F− adsorption in two different soils and several kinds of byproducts. Both soils, as well as mussel shell, oak ash, and hemp waste showed higher adsorption for F−, while pyritic material, pine bark, and sawdust had a higher affinity for Cr(VI). Considering the binary competitive system, a clear competition between both elements in anionic form is shown, with decreases in adsorption of up to 90% for Cr(VI), and of up to 30% for F−. Adsorption results showed better fitting to Freundlich’s than to Langmuir’s model. None of the individual soils or byproducts were able to adsorbing high percentages of both pollutants simultaneously, but it could be highly improved by adding pine bark to increase Cr(VI) adsorption in soils, thus drastically reducing the risks of pollution and deleterious effects on the environment and on public health.

scholarly journals Permanence and Global Stability of Positive Periodic Solutions of a Discrete Competitive System

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Qin ◽  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
Yiping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Global Stability ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Positive Periodic Solutions ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
Dynamic Behaviors ◽  
System A ◽  
Analytical Results

We consider the dynamic behaviors of a discrete competitive system. A good understanding of the permanence, existence, and global stability of positive periodic solutions is gained. Numerical simulations are also presented to substantiate the analytical results.

scholarly journals The Oil Industry and the Competitive System: A Study in Waste.

1926 ◽  
Vol 21 (156) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Pogue ◽  
George Ward Stocking
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Competitive System ◽  
System A

Big Enterprise in a Competitive System. A. D. H. Kaplan

1955 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
George W. Stocking
Keyword(s):  
Competitive System ◽  
System A

Trade union representation for new forms of employment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Monika Schlachter
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
System A ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Right

Defining the personal scope of application of the right to be represented by a trade union for collective bargaining purposes starts by defining the notion of employee/worker on whose behalf the conclusion of collective agreements is not disputed. In the German legal system, a sub-category of self-employed persons, known as ‘employee-like’ persons, is also included in the scope of the statute on collective agreements. For all other self-employed persons, however, no such statutory inclusion exists. They are, rather, prevented from collective price setting by (national und EU) competition law. Upon a closer look at the social purpose of exempting collective agreements from the restrictions of competition law, it is necessary to differentiate according to the existence of a structural power imbalance to the detriment of one contracting party much rather than according to the type of contract concluded. Some self-employed persons, specifically those categorised as workers under a new form of employment, do need collective bargaining as much as employees do, as they find themselves in a comparably weak individual bargaining position.

Collective Bargaining System-A Study of Union-Employer Responsibilities and Problems

1943 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
William M. Hepburn ◽  
Frank C. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
System A ◽  
Employer Responsibilities

New Design for a Differentially Pumped Hydration Chamber for a Siemens IA

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Thin Membrane ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
System A ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Aperture Opening

Electron microscopy and diffraction of biological materials in the hydrated state requires the construction of a chamber in which the water vapor pressure can be maintained at saturation for a given specimen temperature, while minimally affecting the normal vacuum of the remainder of the microscope column. Initial studies with chambers closed by thin membrane windows showed that at the film thicknesses required for electron diffraction at 100 KV the window failure rate was too high to give a reliable system. A single stage, differentially pumped specimen hydration chamber was constructed, consisting of two apertures (70-100μ), which eliminated the necessity of thin membrane windows. This system was used to obtain electron diffraction and electron microscopy of water droplets and thin water films. However, a period of dehydration occurred during initial pumping of the microscope column. Although rehydration occurred within five minutes, biological materials were irreversibly damaged. Another limitation of this system was that the specimen grid was clamped between the apertures, thus limiting the yield of view to the aperture opening.

High-resolution electron microscopy of Cu2O surfaces

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
V. Castano ◽  
W. Krakow
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
System A ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Surface Reconstructions ◽  
Atomic Surface ◽  
Au Thin Films

In non-UHV microscope environments atomic surface structure has been observed for flat-on for various orientations of Au thin films and edge-on for columns of atoms in small particles. The problem of oxidation of surfaces has only recently been reported from the point of view of high resolution microscopy revealing surface reconstructions for the Ag2O system. A natural extension of these initial oxidation studies is to explore other materials areas which are technologically more significant such as that of Cu2O, which will now be described.

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