Hematocrit and Protein Concentration of Black Vulture and Turkey Vulture Blood

The Condor ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Coleman ◽  
James D. Fraser ◽  
Patrick F. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Turkey Vulture ◽  
Black Vulture

A Hybrid between Turkey Vulture and Black Vulture

The Auk ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. McIlhenny
Keyword(s):  
Turkey Vulture ◽  
Black Vulture

scholarly journals First record of death-feigning in Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) (Cathartidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-244
Author(s):  
Marjory Auad Spina ◽  
Luís Fábio Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cathartes Aura ◽  
Turkey Vulture ◽  
Death Feigning ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
Natural Predator

AbstractDeath-feigning is a behavior ability with the purpose of allowing prey to evade from predators. Despite death-feigning is recorded on a wide variety of bird species, it has been recorded only once in vultures, more specifically on a Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) nest. In addition to this record, we report this behavior while manipulating an individual of Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) in Brazil. This behavior is not usual in Cathartidae since adult vultures do not have a known natural predator.

scholarly journals Trophic niche overlap among scavengers in Patagonia supports the condor-vulture competition hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO BALLEJO ◽  
SERGIO A. LAMBERTUCCI ◽  
ANA TREJO ◽  
LUCIANO J. M. DE SANTIS
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Cathartes Aura ◽  
Turkey Vulture ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
Andean Condor

SummaryAnimals that share resources tend to use different foraging strategies in order to decrease potential competition. Scavenging birds using the same nutritional resources can segregate into different space and time scales. However, it has been suggested that when the species do not co-evolve to achieve such segregation competition may result. Our aim was to study the trophic niche overlap between three species of obligate scavengers, the Andean CondorVultur gryphus, Turkey VultureCathartes auraand American Black VultureCoragyps atratus, which are the main avian consumers of carcasses in north-western Patagonia. Black Vultures arrived in the area relatively recently, have expanded their distribution following human activities, and have been suggested to compete with the threatened condor. We collected pellets in communal roosts of the three species to determine their diet, and to estimate the diversity (Shannon Index) and diet similarity (Pianka overlap index). We found that the Turkey Vulture has greater niche breadth and, apart from domestic livestock, it incorporates smaller items such as fish, reptiles and a great number of birds, carnivores and mice. Although the Black Vulture diet includes arthropods, they feed primarily on introduced ungulates, overlapping more with condor diet when roosting far from urban centres. As these latter two species share the same food resource, human activities that positively affect the abundance of the Black Vulture could increase competition among them, with possible implications for the conservation of the Andean Condor.

Microscopic Analysis of the Plumulaceous Feather Characteristics of Cathartiformes and Accipitriformes In North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. J. Coddington ◽  
Carla J. Dove ◽  
David A. Luther
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Cathartes Aura ◽  
Turkey Vulture ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Black Vulture ◽  
Identification Of Species

ABSTRACT Although variation in microscopic plumulaceous (downy) feather characters is known to be useful in taxonomic identifications of birds, the conserved characters unique to most avian orders remain understudied. We examined plumulaceous feather characters (morphometric and observed pigmentation patterns [qualitative]) within three avian families (Cathartidae, Pandionidae, Accipitridae) occurring in North America that often require taxonomic identification based on incomplete or fragmentary remains. We found significant quantitative differences among these three families for measurements of barbule length, node width, average number of nodes per barbule, and internode length. We observed additional differences in pigmentation patterns and spine distribution at nodes. Differences in pigment patterns and intensity are diagnostic for distinguishing Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) from Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) within Cathartidae. Further observed differences of a higher percentage of spined structures present at node junctions along the length of barbules are diagnostic of Pandionidae. Within Accipitridae, pigmentation patterns and pigment intensity separate Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus) and White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) from all other taxa; and barbule length, together with average nodes per barbule is unique to Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius) in the families examined in this study. Although significant differences in a combination of microscopic feather characters among species were seldom observed in this study, family level differences were consistently documented. Results support the use of a suite of microscopic characters in combination with macroscopic feather features, geographic distributions, molecular methods, and other circumstantial evidence to aid in the identification of species of birds from feathers.

Albumin-Induced Endocytic Vacuoles in Tetrahymena Pyrijormis

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
L. J. Brenner ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
B. L. Schumaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
Food Vacuoles ◽  
Mouse Ascites ◽  
Normal Human

Exposure of the ciliate, Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain WH6, to normal human or rabbit sera or mouse ascites fluids induces the formation of large cytoplasmic bodies. By electron microscopy these (LB) are observed to be membrane-bounded structures, generally spherical and varying in size (Fig. 1), which do not resemble the food vacuoles of cells grown in proteinaceous broth. The possibility exists that the large bodies represent endocytic vacuoles containing material concentrated from the highly nutritive proteins and lipoproteins of the sera or ascites fluids. Tetrahymena mixed with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin solutions having about the same protein concentration (7g/100 ml) as serum form endocytic vacuoles which bear little resemblance to the serum-induced LB. The albumin-induced structures (Fig. 2) are irregular in shape, rarely spherical, and have contents which vary in density and consistency. In this paper an attempt is made to formulate the sequence of events which might occur in the formation of the albumin-induced vacuoles.

Monoamine Oxidase and Other Mitochondrial Enzymes in Density Subpopulations of Human Platelets

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Chamberlain ◽  
D G Penington
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Percoll Gradients ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

SummaryNormal human platelets have been separated according to density on continuous Percoll gradients and the platelet distribution divided into five fractions containing approximately equal numbers of platelets. The mean volumes and protein contents of the platelets in each fraction were found to correlate positively with density while the protein concentration did not differ significantly between the fractions. Four mitochondrial enzymes (monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) were assayed and their activities per unit volume were found to increase in a very similar monotonie fashion with platelet density. When MAO and GDH were assayed on the same set of density fractions the correlation between the two activities was very high (r = 0.94–1.00, p <0.001) and a similar close correlation was found between MAO and ICDH. The results support the hypothesis that high density platelets either have a higher concentration of mitochondria or have larger mitochondria than low density platelets.

Does Low Protein Concentration of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Predict a Low Risk of Spontaneous Deep Vein Thrombosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (02) ◽  
pp. 718-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Gram ◽  
Johannes Sidelmann ◽  
Jørgen Jespersen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryMany reports have demonstrated an abnormal fibrinolysis in a subset of patients with deep vein thrombosis. We have studied systemic global fibrinolytic activity and protein concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in plasma of 25 young patients with a previous instance of spontaneous deep vein thrombosis documented by phlebography and in 50 healthy controls. The two populations were comparable with respect to a number of base-line variables (age, height, weight, etc.), while the patients had significantly lower fibrinolytic activity (p <0.02), and significantly higher protein concentrations of t-PA (p <0.0001) and PAI-1 (p <0.0006).We used probit scale plots to identify the consequence of different cut-off points to separate patients from controls. Reasonable separation could be obtained for t-PA with a cut-off point of 5.2 ng/ml and for PAI-1 18 ng/ml. The sensitivity and specificity for these cut-off points were for t-PA 73% (95% confidence interval 63%-84%) and for PAI-1 67% (confidence interval 55%-77%). The negative predictive value with a cut-off point t-PA concentration of 5.2 ng/ml was 85% (95% confidence interval 70%-94%). We observed a significantly negative association between concentration of t-PA and fibrinolytic activity (rs = -0.47; p <0.005) and also between PAI-1 and fibrinolytic activity (rs = -0.78; p <0.005).We conclude that a young healthy population is characterized by low protein concentration of t-PA (and PAI-1) compared with young patients with a previous instance of spontaneous vein thrombosis, and we tentatively state that a low protein concentration of t-PA predicts a low risk of spontaneous deep vein thrombosis.

Extraction and Partial Purification of Protease from Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Normah Ismail ◽  
Nur' Ain Mohamad Kharoe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation

Unripe and ripe bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) were ground and the extracted juices were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation at the concentrations of 40 and 60% (w/v). The collected proteases were analysed for pH, temperature stability, storage stability, molecular weight distribution, protein concentration and protein content. Protein content of bilimbi fruit was 0.89 g. Protease activity of both the unripe and ripe fruit were optimum at pH 4 and 40°C when the juice were purified at 40 and 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation. A decreased in protease activity was observed during the seven days of storage at 4°C. Molecular weight distribution indicated that the proteases protein bands fall between IO to 220 kDa. Protein bands were observed at 25, 50 and 160 kDa in both the unripe and ripe bilimbi proteases purified with 40% ammonium sulfate, however, the bands were more intense in those from unripe bilimbi. No protein bands were seen in proteases purified with 60% ammonium sulfate. Protein concentration was higher for proteases extracted with 40% ammonium sulfate at both ripening stages. Thus, purification using 40% ammonium sulfate precipitation could be a successful method to partially purify proteases from bilimbi especially from the unripe stage. 

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