High Nest Density and Non-Random Nest Placement in the Cedar Waxwing

The Condor ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Nest Density ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Cedar Waxwing

Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Witmer ◽  
D. J. Mountjoy ◽  
Lang Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Bombycilla Cedrorum ◽  
Cedar Waxwing

Temporal Changes in Habitat Selection and Nest Spacing in a Colony of Ross' and Lesser Snow Geese

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Robert McLandress
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Snow Goose ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Lesser Snow Geese ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Island Habitats

Abstract I studied the nesting colony of Ross' Geese (Chen rossii) and Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) at Karrak Lake in the central Arctic of Canada in the summer of 1976. Related studies indicated that this colony had grown from 18,000 birds in 1966-1968 to 54,500 birds in 1976. In 1976, geese nested on islands that were used in the late 1960's and on an island and mainland sites that were previously unoccupied. Average nest density in 1976 was three-fold greater than in the late 1960's. Consequently, the average distance to nearest neighbors of Ross' Geese in 1976 was half the average distance determined 10 yr earlier. The mean clutch size of Ross' Geese was greater in island habitats where nest densities were high than in less populated island or mainland habitats. The average size of Snow Goose clutches did not differ significantly among island habitats but was larger at island than at mainland sites. Large clutches were most likely attributable to older and/or earlier nesting females. Habitat preferences apparently differed between species. Small clutches presumably indicated that young geese nested in areas where nest densities were low. The establishment of mainland nesting at Karrak Lake probably began with young Snow Geese using peripheral areas of the colony. Young Ross' Geese nested in sparsely populated habitats on islands to a greater extent than did Snow Geese. Ross' Geese also nested on the mainland but in lower densities than Ross' Geese nesting in similar island habitats. Successful nests with the larger clutches had closer conspecific neighbors than did successful nests with smaller clutches. The species composition of nearest neighbors changed significantly with distance from Snow Goose nests but not Ross' Goose nests. Nesting success was not affected by the species of nearest neighbor, however. Because they have complementary antipredator adaptations, Ross' and Snow geese may benefit by nesting together.

Settlement patterns, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys along a heterogeneous riverine corridor

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Harmata ◽  
Marco Restani ◽  
Alan R. Harmata
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
River Section ◽  
Pandion Haliaetus ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spatial Use ◽  
Gill Netting

In 1998 and 1999, we determined the spatial distribution, foraging behavior, and reproductive success of ospreys ( Pandion haliaetus (L., 1758)) nesting along the upper Missouri River, Montana. We combined our data with that collected in the same area in 1981–1982 and 1990–1991 to investigate factors influencing settlement patterns. The study area was composed of four distinct habitats, three reservoirs and one free-flowing river section. Although number of occupied nests on each habitat increased from 1981–1982 to 1998–1999, the greatest percentage increases in nest density occurred on habitats previously hypothesized to contain the least prey. Osprey reproductive success was positively related to foraging rates, which differed across habitats, being highest on reservoirs and lowest on the free-flowing river. However, reproductive success was adequate for replacement on each habitat. Most fish consumed by ospreys on each habitat were suckers (Catostomidae), followed by salmonids and cyprinids. Fish density, determined from gill netting, was highest on the largest and shallowest reservoir. Over two decades, ospreys shifted their relative spatial use of the upper Missouri River such that reservoirs were occupied first and the free-flowing river section was occupied last. The degree to which presence of conspecifics, distribution of nest trees and prey, and dispersal affected settlement patterns probably varied by spatial scale.

Dependence of chick killing on nest density in a colony of yellow‐legged gull(Larus cachinnans michaellis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Marin ◽  
Elisa Bettella ◽  
Andrea Pilastro ◽  
Stefano Amato ◽  
Giovanni Tiloca
Keyword(s):  
Nest Density ◽  
Larus Cachinnans

scholarly journals Upregulation of Cardiac IL-10 and Downregulation of IFN-γin Balb/c IL-4−/−in Acute Chagasic Myocarditis due to Colombian Strain ofTrypanosoma cruzi

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Vinicius da Silva ◽  
Vera Lúcia de Almeida ◽  
Wendyson Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Natália Carasek Matos Cascudo ◽  
Pollyana Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Immune System Regulation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Inflammatory response in Chagas disease is related to parasite and host factors. However, immune system regulation has not been fully elucidated. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating IL-4 influence on acute phase ofTrypanosoma cruziexperimental infection through dosage of cytokine levels in cardiac homogenate of infected Balb/c WT and Balb/c IL-4−/−as well as its histopathological repercussions. For such purpose, mice were divided into two groups: an infected group with 100 forms of the Colombian strain and an uninfected group. After 21 days of infection, animals were euthanized and the blood, spleen, and heart were collected. The spleen was used to culture splenic cells in 48 h. Subsequently, cytokines TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were measured in the blood, culture supernatant, and heart apex by ELISA. The base of the heart was used for histopathological analysis. From these analysis, infected Balb/c IL-4−/−mice showed milder inflammatory infiltrate compared to Balb/c WT, but without changes in nest density and collagen deposition. IL-4 absence culminated in lower cardiac tissue IFN-γproduction, although it did not affect TNF-αexpression in situ. It also decreased TNF-αsystemic production and increased IL-10, both systemically andin situ. In addition, IL-4 absence did not influence IL-17 expression. Splenocytes of IL-4-deficient mice produced higher amounts of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 and lower amounts of IL-10. Thus, IL-4 absence in acute phase of experimental infection withT. cruziColombian strain reduces myocarditis due to lower IFN-γproduction and greater IL-10 productionin situand this pattern is not influenced by splenocyte general repertoire.

Nest placement by loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta

1993 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme C. Hays ◽  
John R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Loggerhead Turtles

Unusual Barn Swallow Nest Placement in Southeastern Oregon

2007 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Redmond ◽  
Michael T. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Nest Placement

scholarly journals Evidence-based management to regulate the impact of tourism at a key marine turtle rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas A. Katselidis ◽  
Gail Schofield ◽  
Giorgos Stamou ◽  
Panayotis Dimopoulos ◽  
John D. Pantis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Nest Placement ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Natural Nest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scientific Tool ◽  
Beach Use

AbstractThis study evaluates how key beach features influence suitability for nesting by Endangered loggerhead marine turtles Caretta caretta at an internationally important rookery on Zakynthos Island, Greece. During 2007–2009 we assimilated information on beach structure (elevation above sea level and width), the distribution of all nesting (turtle tracks that resulted in nests) and non-nesting (turtle tracks that did not result in nests) turtle emergences from the sea along 6 km of beach, nest placement parameters (distance from sea and elevation above sea level), and beach use by visitors. We found that turtles preferentially emerged on steeper sections of beach, with higher nesting densities occurring on the most environmentally stable beaches. Elevation was a more reliable indicator of nest placement (1 m above sea level) than distance to shore. However, because nests on steeper slopes are located closer to shore, the risk of damage by tourism is increased in such areas. We calculated a potential 36% overlap of natural nest locations with use of the beach by tourists; however, the recorded overlap was 7% because of existing management protocols. This overlap could be further reduced by focusing conservation effort (i.e. further restricting use by people) on beach sections with the steepest inclines. For example, slopes of > 22° comprise 1 km of total beach area annually, the closure of which (above the immediate shoreline to allow passage) would completely protect 50% of nests. This study shows the value of evidence-based management as a practical scientific tool to conserve threatened species in dynamic protected areas that are of both environmental and economic importance.

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