Product Market Imperfections, Job Content Differences and Gender Employment Discrimination at the Management Level: Some Evidence from the Canadian Manufacturing Sector in 1971 and 1981

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C.H. Jones ◽  
William D. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Canadian Manufacturing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Job Content

Industry level analysis of productivity growth under market imperfections

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Ramaa Arun Kumar ◽  
Mahua Paul
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solow Residual

Purpose This study aims to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) growth for the post-2008 period for selected industries in the manufacturing sector at NIC 3-digit. Total factor productivity growth (TFPG) estimates are based on the theoretical framework provided by studies such Hall (1988), Abraham et al. (2009) and Crepon et al. (2005) that incorporate market imperfection in labour and product market, thereby modifying the traditional TFP estimation as Solow Residual. Design/methodology/approach Based on the theoretical model that incorporates market imperfections in labour as well as product market in modifying the TFP estimates using the Levinsohn–Petrin framework of empirical estimation, the authors have calculated industry wise TFPG for 62 industries at NIC 3-digit level. Findings The study finds three distinct trends: first, there are considerable industrial disparities in productivity growth in terms of TFP. The estimates have been found to be higher than the conventional Solow Residual for most industries, indicating the role played by market imperfections in affecting the conventional measure of productivity growth. Second, estimates of bargaining power are found to be lower than those compared to the earlier estimates in Maiti (2013) for the Indian organised manufacturing case for 1998-2005. This observation is commensurate with the observation in recent years of a falling share in labour wage in total output in organised manufacturing sector. Finally, the study also found a statistically significant contribution of greater mechanisation on TFPG while an adverse effect of the rising dependence of organised manufacturing on contractual labour. Originality/value The role of market imperfections in measuring TFPG has been undertaken, and it has been found to be an important factor, as the estimated measures vary from the conventional measures of TFPG. Moreover, the study has considered a very recent period from 2008-2015 in estimating TFPG, as well as analysing the factors behind the trends in TFPG at industrial level.

scholarly journals Wage Differentials and Market Imperfections: Some Cross Section Results in Canadian Manufacturing Industries

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C.H. Jones ◽  
L. Laudadio
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Market Imperfections ◽  
Market Imperfection ◽  
Canadian Manufacturing

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which factor and product market imperfections are responsible for wage differentials. The conclusion is that without some form of factor market imperfection, the existence of imperfection in the product market cannot explain wage differentials.

Race, Gender, and Perceived Employment Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-527
Author(s):  
Philip Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Job Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

This study investigates the effects of race and gender on perceived employment discrimination using the 2016 General Social Survey that provides new data on perceived employment discrimination that aligns more closely with the legal definition of employment discrimination. It is found that 19% of the American adults self-reported the experience of employment discrimination in job application, pay increase, or promotion in the past 5 years. The results of logistic regression analysis show that either controlling or not controlling for other factors, Blacks were much more likely to perceive being discriminated in employment than Whites, but other races were not significantly different from Whites in perceived employment discrimination after holding other variables constant. While gender did not have a significant independent effect on perceived job discrimination, it did interact with race to influence perceived job discrimination. Regardless of race, women were somewhat less likely than men to perceive job discrimination, but Black women were significantly even less likely than White women to self-report job discrimination, and Black men were much more likely to self-report employment discrimination than White men. These findings have implications for combating employment discrimination and addressing social inequalities.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency and Technical Change in Canadian Manufacturing Industries

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samuel Gamtessa
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Canadian Manufacturing

This study applies the “true fixed effects” panel stochastic frontier methodology to the Canadian KLEMS data set to estimate technical change and technical efficiency in the Canadian manufacturing sector. To account for the endogeneity of capital inputs as well as the possible problems related to omitted variables, a two-stage residual inclusion method is pursued. The first stage is estimated using the dynamic panel GMM method. The results show that Canadian manufacturing industries experienced significant declines in technical efficiencies during the last ten years. This suggests that the observed slowdown in TFP growth during the recent past is partly due to declining technical efficiency.

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