Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Metabolic Activity of Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from the Lake Gardno Estuary

Estuaries ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Mudryk ◽  
Wojciech Donderski
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

THE EFFECT OF MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, AND IRON ON THE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIG BACTERIA

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Brown ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
Low Concentrations

Maximum growth of the red halophilic bacteria occurs in the presence of 3.0 to 5.0 M sodium chloride, 0.1 to 0.5 M magnesium ion, 50 to 100 p.p.m. (1.3 to 2.5 × 10−3 M) potassium ion, and 0.5 to 1.0 p.p.m. (1 to 2 × 10−5 M) ferrous ion. In magnesium deficient media the rod forms become coccoid. Some strains can be adapted to grow in low concentrations of magnesium (0.01 M) and these adapted strains retain a coccoid form even when transferred to higher concentrations of magnesium. Growth does not occur when potassium is removed from the medium. The potassium requirement may be satisfied by rubidium but not by cesium, lithium, or ammonium ions. Potassium partially replaces the sodium chloride requirement of the red halophiles.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid enzymology of extremely halophilic bacteria. Halobacterium cutirubrum ribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gregory Louis ◽  
P. S. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Extreme Halophile ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
The Stability

1. Crude extracts of the extreme halophile Halobacterium cutirubrum contain separable DNA-dependent and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. 2. The RNA-dependent enzyme has been purified about 2800-fold. 3. It requires RNA, preferably of high molecular weight, and all four ribonucleoside triphosphates to incorporate 14C-labelled nucleoside triphosphate into an acid-insoluble, ribonuclease-sensitive product. 4. Both the stability and activity of the RNA polymerase are relatively insensitive to changes in potassium chloride or sodium chloride concentration, but incorporation is stimulated by both Mg2+ and Mn2+. 5. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 17000–18000.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutarate from Halophilic Bacteria

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Vinod P. S ◽  
Deepali S. Kulkarni ◽  
M. B. Sulochana
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Biodegradable Plastic ◽  
Biotechnological Application ◽  
Halophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
Living Organisms

Halophilic microorganisms thrive at elevated concentrations of sodium chloride up to saturation and are capable of growing on a wide variety of carbon sources. Hence, the biotechnological application of these microorganisms can cover many aspects one of these is bioplastic production. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are decomposed by the action of living organisms using bacteria. Biodegradable plastic is a renewable biopolymers synthesized in bacteria having similar characteristics of plastics produced from petroleum character. In the following work preisolated halophilic strains were screened for PHB production. The positive strains were subjected to PHB production. Estimation of PHB was done by using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. Highest PHB producing strain was further used for optimization of different parameters for PHB production.

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION TO GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF SOME HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Gibbons ◽  
John I. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽  
Halobacterium Salinarium ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Maximum Turbidity

The red halophiles, Halobacterium salinarium, H. cutirubrum, H. halobium, and Sarcina litoralis, grew most rapidly at salt concentrations of 20–25% and temperatures of 40–45 °C. Maximum turbidity was obtained at similar salt concentrations but at 35–40 °C. An unidentified colorless rod grew most rapidly at salt concentrations of 17.5–20% and temperatures of 40–50 °C, but produced maximum yield at 30 °C. The rod forms changed from long slender rods through irregular shapes to spheres as the salt concentration was decreased. At temperatures above the optimum, cells were very irregular, but otherwise temperature at any one salt concentration had little or no effect on the morphology.

scholarly journals Extremely Halophilic Bacteria in Crystallizer Ponds from Solar Salterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3052-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Ant�n ◽  
Ram�n Rossell�-Mora ◽  
Francisco Rodr�guez-Valera ◽  
Rudolf Amann
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Bacterial Group ◽  
Prokaryotic Community ◽  
Hypersaline Environments ◽  
Solar Salterns ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

ABSTRACT It is generally assumed that hypersaline environments with sodium chloride concentrations close to saturation are dominated by halophilic members of the domain Archaea, while Bacteriaare not considered to be relevant in this kind of environment. Here, we report the high abundance and growth of a new group of hitherto-uncultured Bacteria in crystallizer ponds (salinity, from 30 to 37%) from multipond solar salterns. In the present study, these Bacteria constituted from 5 to 25% of the total prokaryotic community and were affiliated with theCytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum. Growth was demonstrated in saturated NaCl. A provisional classification of this new bacterial group as “Candidatus Salinibacter gen. nov.” is proposed. The perception that Archaea are the only ecologically relevant prokaryotes in hypersaline aquatic environments should be revised.

THE GLYCEROL DEHYDROGENASES OF PSEUDOMONAS SALINARIA, VIBRIO COSTICOLUS, AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN RELATION TO BACTERIAL HALOPHILISM

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Glycerol dehydrogenases from the extremely halophilic Pseudomonas salinaria and the moderately halophilic Vibrio costicolus are described and compared with the corresponding enzyme from the nonhalophilic Escherichia coli. The properties of all three enzymes are similar except their responses to salt concentration. The enzymes from E. coli and V. costicolus are most active at sodium chloride concentrations of about 0.25 M and 0.5 M respectively; that from P. salinaria is not only most active in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl but is irreversibly inactivated in the absence of salt. All three enzymes are more active in the presence of potassium chloride than of sodium chloride at any given molar concentration. These results suggest that the extremely halophilic bacteria contain high concentrations of salt and that their enzymes function maximally at these high concentrations. In contrast the moderately halophilic organisms contain relatively little salt and their enzymes are more comparable with those of nonhalophiles.

THE GLYCEROL DEHYDROGENASES OF PSEUDOMONAS SALINARIA, VIBRIO COSTICOLUS, AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN RELATION TO BACTERIAL HALOPHILISM

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Baxter ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Glycerol dehydrogenases from the extremely halophilic Pseudomonas salinaria and the moderately halophilic Vibrio costicolus are described and compared with the corresponding enzyme from the nonhalophilic Escherichia coli. The properties of all three enzymes are similar except their responses to salt concentration. The enzymes from E. coli and V. costicolus are most active at sodium chloride concentrations of about 0.25 M and 0.5 M respectively; that from P. salinaria is not only most active in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl but is irreversibly inactivated in the absence of salt. All three enzymes are more active in the presence of potassium chloride than of sodium chloride at any given molar concentration. These results suggest that the extremely halophilic bacteria contain high concentrations of salt and that their enzymes function maximally at these high concentrations. In contrast the moderately halophilic organisms contain relatively little salt and their enzymes are more comparable with those of nonhalophiles.

THE EFFECT OF CHLORIDES OF MONOVALENT CATIONS, UREA, DETERGENTS, AND HEAT ON MORPHOLOGY AND THE TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
Ionic Detergents ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Suspensions of Halobacterium cutirubrum, grown and suspended in 4.0 M sodium chloride, showed on transfer to increasingly lower concentrations of sodium chloride an increase in turbidity followed by an abrupt decrease. When the suspensions were placed in potassium, rubidium, cesium, lithium, or ammonium chlorides, there was no increase in turbidity but usually a gradual decrease as the concentration of the salt is decreased. In potassium, rubidium, and cesium chlorides these changes were correlated with a change in morphology from rods, through transition forms, to spheres, similar to changes in NaCl, except that transition forms were found even at concentrations of 4.0 M. In lithium and ammonium chlorides there was an immediate change at 5.0 and 4.5 M respectively and two to five small spheres were formed from each rod. In mixtures of sodium and potassium chlorides the morphology of the cells depended on the ionic strength and concentration of sodium. Spheres were also produced by heating the cells to 60–70 °C, the time required for the conversion increasing with increasing salt concentration. In urea solutions the cells lysed, although at certain concentrations of urea and NaCl a change to small spheres was observed. Ionic detergents caused the cells to disintegrate gradually. These observations are taken as further evidence that sodium is required to maintain the cell wall of the red halophilic rods.

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