Shallow-Water Marine Invertebrates of South Carolina: Species Identification, Community Composition and Symbiotic Associations

Estuaries ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Gary R. Gaston ◽  
Richard S. Fox ◽  
Edward E. Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

Synthesizing Shallow-Water Geophysical Data for Shoreline Evolution Models: Shallow Coastal Stratigraphy Workshop; Conway, South Carolina, 9–10 July 2008

Eos ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (41) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Miselis ◽  
Paul T. Gayes ◽  
Jesse McNinch ◽  
John Goff ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Shoreline Evolution

Spectral Irradiance and Phytoplankton Community Composition in a Blackwater-Dominated Estuary, Winyah Bay, South Carolina, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Lawrenz ◽  
James L. Pinckney ◽  
Melissa L. Ranhofer ◽  
Hugh L. MacIntyre ◽  
Tammi L. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
Winyah Bay

scholarly journals Multiple bacterial partners in symbiosis with the nudibranch mollusk Rostanga alisae

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Zhukova ◽  
Marina G. Eliseikina ◽  
Evgeniy S. Balakirev ◽  
Francisco J. Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Bacterial Morphotypes

AbstractThe discovery of symbiotic associations extends our understanding of the biological diversity in the aquatic environment and their impact on the host’s ecology. Of particular interest are nudibranchs that unprotected by a shell and feed mainly on sponges. The symbiotic association of the nudibranch Rostanga alisae with bacteria was supported by ample evidence, including an analysis of cloned bacterial 16S rRNA genes and a fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis, and microscopic observations. A total of 74 clones belonging to the phyla α-, β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were identified. FISH confirmed that bacteriocytes were packed with Bradyrhizobium, Maritalea, Labrenzia, Bulkholderia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas mainly in the foot and notum epidermis, and also an abundance of Synechococcus cyanobacteria in the intestinal epithelium. An ultrastructural analysis showed several bacterial morphotypes of bacteria in epidermal cells, intestine epithelium, and in mucus layer covering the mollusk body. The high proportion of typical bacterial fatty acids in R. alisae indicated that symbiotic bacteria make a substantial contribution to its nutrition. Thus, the nudibranch harbors a high diversity of specific endo- and extracellular bacteria, which previously unknown as symbionts of marine invertebrates that provide the mollusk with essential nutrients. They can provide chemical defense against predators.

scholarly journals The Role of Host Phylogeny Varies in Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Hindguts of Lower Termites

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Tai ◽  
Erick R. James ◽  
Christine A. Nalepa ◽  
Rudolf H. Scheffrahn ◽  
Steve J. Perlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Host Phylogeny

ABSTRACTThe hindguts of lower termites andCryptocercuscockroaches are home to a distinct community of archaea, bacteria, and protists (primarily parabasalids and some oxymonads). Within a host species, the composition of these hindgut communities appears relatively stable, but the evolutionary and ecological factors structuring community composition and stability are poorly understood, as are differential impacts of these factors on protists, bacteria, and archaea. We analyzed the microbial composition of parabasalids and bacteria in the hindguts ofCryptocercus punctulatusand 23 species spanning 4 families of lower termites by pyrosequencing variable regions of the small-subunit rRNA gene. Especially for the parabasalids, these data revealed undiscovered taxa and provided a phylogenetic basis for a more accurate understanding of diversity, diversification, and community composition. The composition of the parabasalid communities was found to be strongly structured by the phylogeny of their hosts, indicating the importance of historical effects, although exceptions were also identified. Particularly, spirotrichonymphids and trichonymphids likely were transferred between host lineages. In contrast, host phylogeny was not sufficient to explain the majority of bacterial community composition, but the compositions of theBacteroidetes,Elusimicrobia,Tenericutes,Spirochaetes, andSynergisteswere structured by host phylogeny perhaps due to their symbiotic associations with protists. All together, historical effects probably resulting from vertical inheritance have had a prominent role in structuring the hindgut communities, especially of the parabasalids, but dispersal and environmental acquisition have played a larger role in community composition than previously expected.

scholarly journals Symbiotic Associations in Ascidians: Relevance for Functional Innovation and Bioactive Potential

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Ana Matos ◽  
Agostinho Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Associations between different organisms have been extensively described in terrestrial and marine environments. These associations are involved in roles as diverse as nutrient exchanges, shelter or adaptation to adverse conditions. Ascidians are widely dispersed marine invertebrates associated to invasive behaviours. Studying their microbiomes has interested the scientific community, mainly due to its potential for bioactive compounds production—e.g., ET-73 (trabectedin, Yondelis), an anticancer drug. However, these symbiotic interactions embrace several environmental and biological functions with high ecological relevance, inspiring diverse biotechnological applications. We thoroughly reviewed microbiome studies (microscopic to metagenomic approaches) of around 171 hosts, worldwide dispersed, occurring at different domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya), to illuminate the functions and bioactive potential of associated organisms in ascidians. Associations with Bacteria are the most prevalent, namely with Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes phyla. The microbiomes of ascidians belonging to Aplousobranchia order have been the most studied. The integration of worldwide studies characterizing ascidians’ microbiome composition revealed several functions including UV protection, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and defense against fouling or predators through production of natural products, chemical signals or competition. The critical assessment and characterization of these communities is extremely valuable to comprehend their biological/ecological role and biotechnological potential.

scholarly journals Endemicity and Community Composition of Marine Species along the NW Pacific and Adjacent Arctic Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Saeedi ◽  
Marianna Simoes ◽  
Angelika Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

The Northwestern (NW) Pacific Ocean lies in one of the most productive, speciose, and diverse regions of the World Ocean, and includes several shallow-water oceanic islands and deep-sea basins of varying depth, hydrology, and degree of isolation. The adjacent Arctic Ocean areas include the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas of the Arctic Ocean with short food chains and shallow depths characterizing high productivity areas. Despite its magnitude and relevance, characterization of species diversity and community composition patterns in the NW Pacific Ocean remains poorly explored and largely unknown. Here we attempt to discover how geographic boundaries and depth shape current community assemblages and delimit species distribution ranges and richness using open access data. We also show how endemicity and community composition vary between tropical and temperate NW Pacific and the adjacent Arctic Ocean considering sampling bias. The Eastern Philippine Sea was the hotspot of species richness in the NW Pacific and its adjacent Arctic Ocean even when accounting for sampling bias. The lowest species richness was observed in Papau. Despite high species richness in the Eastern Philippine Sea, the Yellow Sea and Gulf of Tonkin had the highest endemicity rates (ca. 60%) among all other ecoregions. Endemicity ranged 20–40% across 19 ecoregions. Chordata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca contributed more than 50% to the total community composition in the NW Pacific where as Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca were the dominant taxa shaping ca. 82% of the Arctic Ocean community. Pelagic species richness was higher than the benthic one in both shallow-water and deep-sea regions of the NW Pacific Ocean. However, in the shallow and deep Arctic Ocean, most of the taxa were benthic excluding the deep Kara Sea where pelagic deep-sea species dominated the whole community. Two significantly distinctive clusters (North and South clusters) were classified based on species richness similarity analysis in this area including ecoregions of the (1) Arctic Ocean and North NW Pacific, and (2) Mid to South NW Pacific.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document