Species Composition, Standing Stock, and Net Primary Production of a Salt Marsh Community in Mississippi

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Gabriel ◽  
Armando A. de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Marsh Community

Carbon cycling along a gradient of beech bark disease impact in the Catskill Mountains, New York

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Hancock ◽  
Mary A. Arthur ◽  
Kathleen C. Weathers ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Catskill Mountains ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Northern Hardwood

Exotic pests and pathogens, through direct and indirect effects on forest structure and species composition, have the potential to significantly alter forest ecosystem processes, including C cycling. Throughout the northern hardwood forest, beech bark disease (BBD) is causing widespread disruption in forest structure and composition. In the Catskill Mountains of New York, some forests formerly codominated by American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) are shifting to sugar maple dominance. The effects of BBD and a subsequent shift in species composition on annual aboveground net primary production and soil CO2 efflux were examined in eight forest plots selected to represent a gradient of BBD impact. There were no significant trends in aboveground net primary production across this gradient. However, growing season soil CO2 efflux decreased linearly along the BBD gradient, declining by 40%. Although the mechanism controlling this decline is uncertain, the decrease in soil CO2 efflux with BBD impact and a shift to greater composition of sugar maple in litterfall could significantly alter C cycling in northern hardwood stands in the Catskill Mountains.

scholarly journals Aboveground Net Primary Production of tree cover at the post-disturbance area in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Jozef Pajtík ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň ◽  
Michal Bošeľa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Allometric Relations ◽  
Tatra National Park

Abstract Large-scale disturbances under the conditions of Slovakia, caused especially by storm and bark beetle, bring dramatic decline in carbon budget of the country, besides other negative consequences. The largest disturbance in modern history of the Slovak forestry was the storm damage that occurred in November 2004. The Tatra National Park (TNP) was one of the most affected regions. Thus, in this territory, two transects (T1 – the Danielov dom site and T2 – near the Horný Smokovec village) were established to survey basic dendrometric properties of trees in young stands established after the disaster. The standing stock of aboveground biomass in tree cover for the spring and autumn 2014 was calculated using the recorded variables, i.e. tree height and diameter measured at the stem base, together with the region-specific allometric relations. Then, the Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) in tree cover was estimated with respect to its components (stem, branches and foliage). ANPP was 315 g m−2 per year (Transect T1), and 391 g m−2 per year (Transect T2). The differences in the structure of ANPP, i.e. contribution of tree components, were found between transects T1 and T2. They were caused by the contrasting tree species composition, specifically the ratios between Norway spruce and broadleaved species. Broadleaves allocated more biomass production to foliage than spruce. This phenomenon together with higher turnover (once a year) of foliage caused that broadleaves manifest higher share of fast-cycling carbon in comparison to the amount of carbon sequestrated in woody parts (stem and branches). High variability of ANPP was found within the transects, i.e. among the plots (microsites). As for the representative estimation of the standing stock of aboveground part of tree cover as well as ANPP at the post-disturbance area in the TNP territory, the survey should be performed on a net of research plots. Only this approach enables reliable estimates of carbon amount sequestrated in woody parts, eventually carbon yearly absorbed by young forest stands.

scholarly journals Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (16) ◽  
pp. 4051-4056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Liu ◽  
Zhaorong Mi ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Yonghui Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Changing Climate

The structure and function of alpine grassland ecosystems, including their extensive soil carbon stocks, are largely shaped by temperature. The Tibetan Plateau in particular has experienced significant warming over the past 50 y, and this warming trend is projected to intensify in the future. Such climate change will likely alter plant species composition and net primary production (NPP). Here we combined 32 y of observations and monitoring with a manipulative experiment of temperature and precipitation to explore the effects of changing climate on plant community structure and ecosystem function. First, long-term climate warming from 1983 to 2014, which occurred without systematic changes in precipitation, led to higher grass abundance and lower sedge abundance, but did not affect aboveground NPP. Second, an experimental warming experiment conducted over 4 y had no effects on any aspect of NPP, whereas drought manipulation (reducing precipitation by 50%), shifted NPP allocation belowground without affecting total NPP. Third, both experimental warming and drought treatments, supported by a meta-analysis at nine sites across the plateau, increased grass abundance at the expense of biomass of sedges and forbs. This shift in functional group composition led to deeper root systems, which may have enabled plant communities to acquire more water and thus stabilize ecosystem primary production even with a changing climate. Overall, our study demonstrates that shifting plant species composition in response to climate change may have stabilized primary production in this high-elevation ecosystem, but it also caused a shift from aboveground to belowground productivity.

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