A Regional Analysis of Milk Supply Response in the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Chavas ◽  
Alan Francis Kraus ◽  
Edward V. Jesse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Supply Response

A Regional Analysis of Milk Supply Response in the United States

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Chavas ◽  
Alan Francis Kraus ◽  
Edward V. Jesse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Supply Response

scholarly journals Developments In Stem Educators’ Preparedness For English Language Learners In The United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Keith R Besterman ◽  
Jeremy Ernst ◽  
Thomas O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stem Disciplines ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
K 12

In the United States, the population of students classified as English Language Learners (ELLs) in K-12 education has increased in recent decades. As a result, teachers outside of specialized linguistic courses have needed to adapt their instruction to better meet the needs of these students. This exploratory study investigates potential indicators of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) teachers’ preparedness to work with ELLs, in comparison with the rates of ELLs in STEM courses.   Data for this study were obtained from the national restricted-access datasets of the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 School and Staffing Survey (SASS) Teacher Questionnaire (TQ). STEM teachers’ participation in ELL-focused professional development activities, credentialing related to ELLs, and ELL populations in STEM teachers’ courses were analyzed to quantify changes in these measures over time and among the STEM disciplines. Regional analysis of STEM teacher populations and ELL populations in STEM classes was also conducted to examine how these factors differed across the United States.   Analyses of these data indicated increases in the percentage of STEM teachers who have ELLs in their service loads and in the average number of ELLs in teacher service loads; these trends were present in all U.S. regions and in all STEM disciplines. However, the total number of STEM teachers who participated in ELL-focused professional development activities increased only slightly over the four-year span. To effectively teach the growing ELL student population, STEM teachers must develop the skills and approaches necessary to educate and engage these students.

Placenta Medicine as a Galactogogue: Tradition or Trend?

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Cole
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Insufficient Milk

For some mothers, insufficient milk supply impacts their ability to fully breastfeed their infants. Many of these mothers seek holistic options to increase their milk supply. Placenta medicine, or postpartum placenta consumption as a purported galactogogue, appears to be a practice on the rise in the United States. There is some limited historical research, and more recently some phenomenological data, about the practice of placenta as a galactogogue. However, little is truly known about the benefits and risks of placentophagy, in general, or specifically as a galactogogue. This article reviews existing literature and proposes a further call for research regarding the safety and efficacy of placenta consumption.

scholarly journals Rise, and pronounced regional variation, in methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine distribution in the United States

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12619
Author(s):  
Sneha M. Vaddadi ◽  
Nicholas J. Czelatka ◽  
Belsy D. Gutierrez ◽  
Bhumika C. Maddineni ◽  
Kenneth L. McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Prescription Stimulants ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Sympathomimetic Drugs ◽  
Usage Patterns

Background The prescription stimulants methylphenidate, amphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are sympathomimetic drugs with therapeutic use. They are designated in the United States as Schedule II substances, defined by the 1970 Controlled Substances Act as having a “high potential for abuse”. Changing criteria for the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in 2013 and the approval of lisdexamfetamine for binge eating disorder in 2015 may have impacted usage patterns. This report compared the pharmacoepidemiology of these stimulants in the United States from 2010–2017. Methods Distribution of amphetamine, methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine were examined via weights extracted from the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System (ARCOS). Median stimulant Daily Dosage per patient was determined for a regional analysis. The percent of cost and prescriptions attributable to each stimulant and atomoxetine in Medicaid from the “Drug Utilization 2018 - National Total” from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid was determined. Results There was a rise in amphetamine (+67.5%) and lisdexamfetamine (+76.7%) from 2010–2017. The change in methylphenidate (−3.0%) was modest. Persons/day stimulant usage was lower in the West than in other US regions from 2014-2017. There was a negative correlation (r(48) = −0.43 to −0.65, p < .05) between the percent Hispanic population per state and the Daily Dosage/population per stimulant. Methylphenidate formulations accounted for over half (51.7%) of the $3.8 billion reimbursed by Medicaid and the plurality (45.4%) of the 22.0 million prescriptions. Amphetamine was responsible for less than one-fifth (18.4%) of cost but one-third of prescriptions (33.6%). Lisdexamfetamine’s cost (26.0%) exceeded prescriptions (16.3%). Conclusion The rising amphetamine and lisdexamfetamine distribution may correspond with a rise in adult ADHD diagnoses. Regional analysis indicates that stimulant distribution in the West may be distinct from that in other regions. The lower stimulant distribution in areas with greater Hispanic populations may warrant further study.

scholarly journals A national survey of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants in the United States milk supply

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schaum ◽  
Laurie Schuda ◽  
Chieh Wu ◽  
Rhonda Sears ◽  
Joe Ferrario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Milk Supply

scholarly journals Regional Cotton Acreage Response

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Duffy ◽  
James W. Richardson ◽  
Michael K. Wohlgenant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Farm Programs ◽  
Regional Similarity ◽  
Weighted Combination

AbstractAn econometric model of cotton acreage response was estimated for four distinct production regions in the United States. This work builds on previous work in the area of supply response under government farm programs and provides up-to-date regionalized estimates of own-price elasticity of cotton acreage supply. The own-price variable used in this study is a weighted combination of expected market price and government policy variables. Results indicate regional similarity in response to own price but differences with respect to the prices of alternative enterprises. Differences in regional response to paid diversion are also indicated.

scholarly journals Improving Oil Supply Security: Using a Risk Optimization Model to China and India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ming Qi ◽  
Danyang Shi ◽  
Congcong Li ◽  
Jialu Wu ◽  
Pei Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
China And India ◽  
Risk Optimization ◽  
Total Oil

In this paper, a risk optimization model is proposed to minimize the oil supply risk from the perspective of diversification. The results show that there is large room for both China and India to improve the oil supply security. China should reduce oil imports from Saudi Arabia and Russia while increasing oil imports from the United States and Kazakhstan. India should import more oil from America and Russia while substantially reducing imports from Iraq and Saudi Arabia. In terms of the regional analysis, the Middle East plays a crucial role in the oil import strategies. They account for almost half of the total oil imports to China and India. African countries provide an alternative choice to diversify their energy supply risks. Based on forecasts of oil demand, we investigate the optimal oil import strategies for both countries until 2030 and 2040. China’s imports from the United States and Kazakhstan are forecasted to increase by more than ten times by 2030. India should import four times as much oil from the United States as it does now and import 10 times more crude oil from Russia. Africa and North America will play a more important role in India’s oil supply security.

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