scholarly journals Environmental Toxicology: The Basics The Essentials of Environmental Toxicology: The Effects of Environmentally Hazardous Substances on Human Health W. William Hughes

BioScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
Hazardous Substances

scholarly journals Toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment : A consequences of health risk assessment in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Tapos Kormoker ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Haque ◽  
Md. Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Problems

Plastics are used widely everywhere in our life and without plastic, modern civilization would indeed look very diverse. This study focuses on the toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment and possible consequences of health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Plastics are essential materials in modern civilization, and many products manufactured from plastics and in numerous cases, they promote risks to human health and the environment. Plastics are contained many chemical and hazardous substances such as Bisphenol A (BPA), thalates, antiminitroxide, brominated flame retardants, and poly- fluorinated chemicals etc. which are a serious risk factor for human health and environment. Plastics are being used by Bangladeshi people without knowing the toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment. Different human health problems like irritation in the eye, vision failure, breathing difficulties, respiratory problems, liver dysfunction, cancers, skin diseases, lungs problems, headache, dizziness, birth effect, reproductive, cardiovascular, genotoxic, and gastrointestinal causes for using toxic plastics. Plastics occur serious environment pollution such as soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution. Application of proper rules and regulations for the production and use of plastics can reduce toxic effects of plastics on human health and environment.

scholarly journals Environmental toxicology and associated human health risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 39671-39675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
Human Health Risks

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity of Wastewater from Medical Facilities: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. Cidlinová ◽  
Z. Wittlingerová ◽  
M. Zimová ◽  
T. Chrobáková ◽  
A. Petruželková
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Health It ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Facilities

Abstract Wastewater from medical facilities contains a wide range of chemicals (in particular pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, heavy metals, contrast media, and radionuclides) and pathogens, therefore it constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Many micropollutants are not efficiently eliminated during wastewater treatment and contaminate both surface water and groundwater. As we lack information about the long-term effects of low concentrations of micropollutants in the aquatic environment, it is not possible to rule out their adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. It is, therefore, necessary to focus on the evaluation of chronic toxicity in particular when assessing the environmental and health risks and to develop standards for the regulation of hazardous substances in wastewater from medical facilities on the basis of collected data. Wastewater from medical facilities is a complex mixture of many compounds that may have synergetic, antagonistic or additive effects on organisms. To evaluate the influence of a wide range of pollutants contained in the effluents from medical facilities on aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to determine their ecotoxicity.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM SANITASI KEKERANGAN PADA KELOMPOK USAHA BERSAMA (KUB) NELAYAN KERANG DI DESA BANJAR KEMUNING, KECAMATAN SEDATI, KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Eka Saputra ◽  
Pulung Siswantara
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Business Group ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Physical Hazards ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Sense Of Security

One way to provide a sense of security to consumers related to consumption of lightness is to eliminate or reduce some of the hazardous substances from the biological, chemical or physical hazards sector. A good approach to ensuring food security, especially shellfish products, is in the process where the shellfish grows or where the shells are taken, especially related to the location where the shellfish lives in areas where there are no sources of pollution, but this is very unlikely because of its live shellfish quite minimal. Warfare taken from the waters should be carried out a good handling process related to sanitation, because the shellfish caught in nature there is a risk of bacterial contaminants and some heavy metals that are harmful to human health. According to the Decree of the Minister of Fisheries and Marine Affairs No. 17 of 2004 that commodity commodities must apply sanitation processes to ensure food security for consumers. The target of business actors in the implementation of this depuration method is the Joint Business Group with BATARI and SARI LAUT shellfish fishermen in Banjar Kemuning village, Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency. These two groups of fishermen are business actors in catching shells in the form of life before going through the processing process. These two groups have some similarities related to the shellfish they get, generally they get blood clams, batik shells, manuk shells and baling shells.AbstrakSalah satu cara untuk memberikan rasa aman kepada konsumen terkait dengan konsumsi kekerangan adalah mengeliminasi atau mengurang beberapa bahan berbahaya baik itu dari sektor biologi, kimia ataupun bahaya fisik. Pendekatan yang baik dalam menjamin keamanan pangan terutama produk kerang adalah pada proses dimana kerang itu tumbuh atau dimana kerang itu diambil, terutama terkait dengan lokasi dimana kerang hidup pada daerah yang tidak ada sumber pencemarnya, namun hal tersebut sangatlah tidak mungkin karena kerang hidupnya pada kondisi yang cukup minim. Kekerangan yang diambil dari perairan sebaiknya dilakukan proses penanganan yang baik terkait sanitasinya, karena kerang yang tertangkap di alam terdapat resiko kontaminan bakteri dan beberapa logam berat yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Menurut Keputusan Menteri Perikanan dan Kelautan No. 17 tahun 2004 bahwa komoditas kekerangan wajib menerapkan proses sanitasi guna menjamin keamanan pangan pada konsumen. Target pelaku usaha dalam kegiatan penerapan metode depurasi ini adalah Kelompok Usaha Bersama nelayan kerang BATARI dan SARI LAUT di desa Banjar Kemuning, Kecamatan Sedati, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Kedua kelompok nelayan ini merupakan pelaku usaha dalam penangkapan kerang dalam bentuk hidup sebelum melalui proses pengolahan. Kedua kelompok ini memiliki beberapa kesamaan terkait dengan hasil kerang yang mereka dapatkan, umumnya mereka mendapatkan kerang darah, kerang batik, kerang manuk dan kerang baling.

The CEECHE: a practical approach for reducing exposures and disease outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Cooperative Research

Abstract While each region of the world faces unique challenges, environmental threats to vulnerable populations throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) present a significant public health challenge. Environmental pollution is widespread, resulting from the consequences of rapid industrialization during the Soviet Union era. To help address these concerns, a meeting, sponsored in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program (SRP), was convened in 1994. The meeting, “Hazardous Wastes – Exposure, Remediation, and Policy,” brought together representatives of the governments of seven countries in the region, scientists from the United States and Western Europe, and representatives from international organizations to explore hazardous waste problems in the region. Since 1994, the SRP and partners have been holding meetings throughout CEE to share important information regarding environmental health. The general sessions have shifted from a focus on describing the problems in each country related to hazardous waste, exposure assessment, risk reduction, and risk communication, to an exchange of information to better define links between health and the environment and strategies to improve regional problems. The 1994 meeting and subsequent meetings raised issues such as heavy metal contamination, exposures from hazardous waste, and pollution caused by deficiencies in disposal of waste overall. Research priorities that were identified included development of reliable biomarkers, better understanding of the relationship between nutrition and chemical toxicity, more epidemiological studies in CEE, better methods of environmental data analysis, and development of remediation tools. Here, we review examples of research from current SRP grantees that address many of these issues. In 2004, the first official Central and Eastern European Conference on Health and the Environment (CEECHE) was held, and has been held biannually at venues across CEE. The CEECHE provides a forum for researchers and engineers, and organizations with diverse professional expertise and backgrounds, to jointly examine pressing environment and health issues, engage in cooperative research, and develop and disseminate innovative prevention strategies for addressing these issues. The CEECHE facilitates more intentional integration of disciplines to achieve a fundamental understanding of biological, environmental, and engineering processes and exploit this knowledge to contribute to solving environmental exposure-related issues. Critical to the CEECHE mission is the participation of trainees and junior scientists who will share their data and engage broadly with the scientific community. Scientific inquiry that supports a paradigm whereby knowledge gained through understanding disease processes resulting from environmental exposures would further our understanding of potential human health effects, and provide a creative, holistic approach to integrate seemingly discrete biological systems and geological, ecological and human health risk assessments into more comprehensive models. Such models will be discussed which advance the mission of reducing the public health burden of hazardous substances through interdisciplinary research and training.

Avian Models for Toxicity Testing

1984 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Hill ◽  
D. J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Wildlife Toxicology

The use of birds as test models in experimental and environmental toxicology as related to health effects is reviewed, and an overview of descriptive tests routinely used in wildlife toxicology is provided. Toxicologic research on birds may be applicable to human health both directly by their use as models for mechanistic and descriptive studies and indirectly as monitors of environmental quality. Topics include the use of birds as models for study of teratogenesis and embryotoxicity, neurotoxicity, behavior, trends of environmental pollution, and for use in predictive wildlife toxicology. Uses of domestic and wild-captured birds are discussed.

scholarly journals Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Sources, Ecotoxicity, Detection & Remediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3407-3428
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Industrial Level

Microplastic pollutants are increasingly posing a significant threat of aquatic contamination and causing various adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health. Microplastics are hazardous chemicals to marine and freshwater ecosystems; therefore, it is becoming a severe concern for ecology. Microplastics can also expose via drinking water and can be vulnerable to all living organisms. Microplastics work as carriers for various toxic components such as additives and other hazardous substances from industrial and urbanized areas. These microplastic contaminated effluents are ultimately transferred into water systems and directly ingested by organisms associated with a particular ecosystem. The microplastics components also pose an indirect threat to aquatic ecosystems by adsorbing surrounding other water pollutants. Due to the luxuriant discharge of billion tons of plastic waste from domestic to industrial level every year, degraded microplastics get accumulated in various aquatic systems, contaminate, and introduce into the food chain. This review mainly focuses on occurrence, factors influencing the release of microplastics into aquatic ecosystems, possible impact of these toxic micro-sized particles on human health and aquatic life. This study also briefly discusses removing microplastics from effluent and water systems using different advanced final-stage treatment technologies.

scholarly journals Biotechnical toxicity assessment system of rare earth metals compounds

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
M. I. Semenova ◽  
◽  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
A. Sokolov ◽  
A. S. Kovalevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rare Earth Metal ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Modern Methods

Introduction. Expanding the scope of application of rare-earth metal compounds that are unique in their properties increases the interest of many researchers in studying the impact of rare-earth metals and their compounds on human health and the environment. One of the most relevant and modern methods for assessing the safety of the studied media for a biological test object is bioassay. Problem Statement. The objective necessity of determining the combined effect of rare earth metals and their compounds on human health and the environment involves the use of biological systems. Modern methods of bioassay are extremely sensitive, which is sufficient to determine sub-threshold concentrations of hazardous substances in accordance with international standards. Thus, the use of these methods can make it possible to determine the index and the degree of toxicity of rare earth metal compounds with high accuracy in order to prepare a package of necessary documentation on industrial safety of products. Theoretical Part. Based on the studied toxicological effects of rare earth metals, the authors proposed to conduct a toxicity assessment based on the concept of biotechnical systems. The object of research was oxides and carbonates of rare earth metals. The results of the study to determine the index and the degree of toxicity of rare earth metal compounds, as well as to assess the lethal concentration of LC50 (24 h) by biotesting using test organisms Paramecium Caudatum were used to write a safety data sheet for cerium oxide and carbonate. Conclusion. The studies have shown that a certain modification of the technical solutions embedded in the devices of the Biotester series makes it possible to correctly solve the problem of assessing the toxicity of rare earth metals and their compounds. Based on the research results, the safety data sheets were developed.

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