The Birth of New Species Species Evolution: The Role of Chromosome Change Max King

BioScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 725-727
Author(s):  
John W. Bickham
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Change ◽  
Species Evolution

Species Evolution: The Role of Chromosome Change.

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Robinson ◽  
M. King
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Change ◽  
Species Evolution

M. King., Species Evolution: The Role of Chromosome Change

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Change ◽  
Species Evolution

scholarly journals Understanding the evolution of phenotypical characters in the Micarea prasina group (Pilocarpaceae) and descriptions of six new species within the group

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Beata Guzow-Krzemińska ◽  
Emmanuël Sérusiaux ◽  
Pieter P. G. van den Boom ◽  
A. Maarten Brand ◽  
Annina Launis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Gyrophoric Acid

Six new Micarea species are described from Europe. Phylogenetic analyses, based on three loci, i.e. mtSSU rDNA, Mcm7 and ITS rDNA and ancestral state reconstructions, were used to evaluate infra-group divisions and the role of secondary metabolites and selected morphological characters on the taxonomy in the M.prasina group. Two main lineages were found within the group. The Micareamicrococca clade consists of twelve species, including the long-known M.micrococca and the newly described M.microsorediata, M.nigra and M.pauli. Within this clade, most species produce methoxymicareic acid, with the exceptions of M.levicula and M.viridileprosa producing gyrophoric acid. The M.prasina clade includes the newly described M.azorica closely related to M.prasina s.str., M.aeruginoprasina sp. nov. and M.isidioprasina sp. nov. The species within this clade are characterised by the production of micareic acid, with the exception of M.herbarum which lacks any detectable substances and M.subviridescens that produces prasinic acid. Based on our reconstructions, it was concluded that the ancestor of the M.prasina group probably had a thallus consisting of goniocysts, which were lost several times during evolution, while isidia and soredia evolved independently at multiple times. Our research supported the view that the ancestor of M.prasina group did not produce any secondary substances, but they were gained independently in different lineages, such as methoxymicareic acid which is restricted to M.micrococca and allied species or micareic acid present in the M.prasina clade.

scholarly journals Detecting environment-dependent diversification from phylogenies: a simulation study and some empirical illustrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lewitus ◽  
Hélène Morlon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Dependency Tree ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
Abiotic Variables

AbstractUnderstanding the relative influence of various abiotic and biotic variables on diversification dynamics is a major goal of macroevolutionary studies. Recently, phylogenetic approaches have been developed that make it possible to estimate the role of various environmental variables on diversification using time-calibrated species trees, paleoenvironmental data, and maximum-likelihood techniques. These approaches have been effectively employed to estimate how speciation and extinction rates vary with key abiotic variables, such as temperature and sea level, and we can anticipate that they will be increasingly used in the future. Here we compile a series of biotic and abiotic paleodatasets that can be used as explanatory variables in these models and use simulations to assess the statistical properties of the approach when applied to these paleodatasets. We demonstrate that environment-dependent models perform well in recovering environment-dependent speciation and extinction parameters, as well as in correctly identifying the simulated environmental model when speciation isenvironment-dependent. We explore how the strength of the environment-dependency, tree size, missing taxa, and characteristics of the paleoenvironmental curves influence the performance of the models. Finally, using these models, we infer environment-dependent diversification in three empirical phylogenies: temperature-dependence in Cetacea,δ13C-dependence in Ruminantia, andCO2-dependence in Portulacaceae. We illustrate how to evaluate the relative importance of abiotic and biotic variables in these three clades and interpret these results in light of macroevolutionary hypotheses for mammals and plants. Given the important role paleoenvironments are presumed to have played in species evolution, our statistical assessment of how environment-dependent models behave is crucial for their utility in macroevolutionary analysis.

Five new thelotremoid Graphidaceae from the Philippines

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
EIMY RIVAS PLATA ◽  
HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN ◽  
ROBERT LÜCKING
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Historical Collections ◽  
Biotic Diversity

Five new species of thelotremoid Graphidaceae are described from the Philippines: Myriotrema subviride Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking, differing from Myriotrema viride in the more prominent ascomata and transversely septate ascospores; Ocellularia gigantospora Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking, differing from O. ripleyi in the uncarbonized, ecolumellate ascomata and the larger ascospores; O. leucocavata Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking, differing from O. cavata in the uncarbonized ascomata and the larger ascospores; O. sublaeviusculoides Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking, differing from O. laeviusculoides in the erumpent ascomata with black columella; and Thelotrema philippinum Rivas Plata, Sipman & Lücking, differing from Thelotrema suecicum in the stictic acid chemistry. The new combination Ocellularia megalospora (Müll. Arg.) Lücking is also proposed. Three of the new species are based on historical collections from vanished rain forest areas on the island of Luzon and are probably extinct, emphasizing the role of herbaria in documenting biotic diversity from threatened ecosystems.

Human Taxonomies: Carl Linnaeus, Swedish Travel in Asia and the Classification of Man

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 218-242
Author(s):  
Christina Skott
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Eyewitness Reports

AbstractThis article looks at ways in which Swedish travel to Asia informed the classification of man in the work of Carl Linnaeus. In the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae (1758), Linnaeus made substantial changes to his earlier taxonomy of humans. Through two case studies, it is argued that these changes to a great extent were prompted by fresh Swedish eyewitness reports from China and Southeast Asia. The informants for the Homo asiaticus, a variety of Homo sapiens, and a proposed new species of humans, Homo nocturnus (or troglodytes), were all associated with the Swedish East India Company. The botanical contribution by men trained in the Linnaean method travelling on the company's ships has long been acknowledged. In contrast to the systematic collecting of botanical material, Swedish descriptions of Asia's human inhabitants were often inconclusive, reflecting the circumstances of the trade encounter. Linnaeus also relied on older observations made by countrymen, and his human taxonomies also highlight the role of travel literature in eighteenth-century anthropology.

A new species of Lerista Bell, 1833 (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, belonging to the Lerista allanae clade but strongly disjunct from other members of the clade

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4613 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
ANDREW P. AMEY ◽  
PATRICK J. COUPER ◽  
JESSICA WORTHINGTON WILMER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Cape York ◽  
A New Species

A species of the skink genus Lerista is described from Cape York Peninsula in Queensland.  The species is biogeographically interesting as it appears to be separated by at least 500 km from its nearest relatives, members of the Lerista allanae clade.  The role of Pleistocene sea level changes altering availability of suitable habitat for these sand specialists is discussed as a possible driver of isolation and speciation. 

scholarly journals Deep and wide valleys drive nested phylogeographic patterns across a montane bird community

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1810) ◽  
pp. 20150861 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Robin ◽  
C. K. Vishnudas ◽  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
Uma Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Palghat Gap ◽  
Spatial Concordance ◽  
Species Evolution ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Range Fragmentation

Montane species distributions interrupted by valleys can lead to range fragmentation, differentiation and ultimately speciation. Paleoclimatic fluctuations may accentuate or reduce such diversification by temporally altering the extent of montane habitat and may affect species differentially. We examined how an entire montane bird community of the Western Ghats—a linear, coastal tropical mountain range—responds to topographic valleys that host different habitats. Using genetic data from 23 species (356 individuals) collected across nine locations, we examined if different species in the community reveal spatial concordance in population differentiation, and whether the timing of these divergences correlate with climatic events. Our results reveal a nested effect of valleys, with several species (10 of 23) demonstrating the oldest divergences associated with the widest and deepest valley in the mountain range, the Palghat Gap. Further, a subset of these 10 species revealed younger divergences across shallower, narrower valleys. We recovered discordant divergence times for all valley-affected montane birds, mostly in the Pleistocene, supporting the Pliestocene-pump hypotheses and highlighting the role of climatic fluctuations during this period in driving species evolution. A majority of species remain unaffected by valleys, perhaps owing to geneflow or extinction–recolonization dynamics. Studying almost the entire community allowed us to uncover a range of species’ responses, including some generalizable and other unpredicted patterns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document