Food for Fungi Fungal Nutrition and Physiology Michael O. Garroway Robert C. Evans

Bruce N. Smith

doi:10.2307/1309944

Nitrogen, Iron and Zinc Acquisition: Key Nutrients to Aspergillus fumigatus Virulence

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 518

Author(s):

Uxue Perez-Cuesta ◽

Xabier Guruceaga ◽

Saioa Cendon-Sanchez ◽

Eduardo Pelegri-Martinez ◽

Fernando L. Hernando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Zinc Metabolism ◽

Wide Field ◽

Regulation Process ◽

Number Of Genes ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Fungal Nutrition

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous soil decomposer and an opportunistic pathogen that is characterized by its large metabolic machinery for acquiring nutrients from media. Lately, an ever-increasing number of genes involved in fungal nutrition has been associated with its virulence. Of these, nitrogen, iron, and zinc metabolism-related genes are particularly noteworthy, since 78% of them have a direct implication in virulence. In this review, we describe the sensing, uptake and regulation process of the acquisition of these nutrients, the connections between pathways and the virulence-implicated genes. Nevertheless, only 40% of the genes mentioned in this review have been assayed for roles in virulence, leaving a wide field of knowledge that remains uncertain and might offer new therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

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Structure-specific regulation of nutrient absorption, metabolism and transfer in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

10.1101/491811 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hiromu Kameoka ◽

Taro Maeda ◽

Nao Okuma ◽

Masayoshi Kawaguchi

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Nutrient Absorption ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Specific Regulation ◽

Fungal Nutrition

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic relationships with most land plants, mainly for the purpose of nutrient exchange. Many studies have revealed the regulation of absorption, metabolism, and transfer of nutrients in AMF and the genes involved in these processes. However, the spatial regulation of the genes among the structures comprising each developmental stage are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the structure-specific transcriptome of the model AMF species, Rhizophagus irregularis. We performed an ultra-low input RNA-seq analysis, SMART-seq2, comparing five extraradical structures, germ tubes, runner hyphae, branched absorbing structures, immature spores, and mature spores. In addition, we reanalyzed the recently reported RNA-seq data comparing intraradical hyphae and arbuscules. Our analyses captured the distinct features of each structure and revealed the structure-specific expression patterns of genes related to absorption, metabolism, and transfer of nutrients. Of note, the transcriptional profiles suggest the distinct functions of branched absorbing structures in nutrient absorption. These findings provide a comprehensive dataset to advance our understanding of the transcriptional dynamics of fungal nutrition in this symbiotic system.

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The Physiology of Fungal Nutrition

10.1017/cbo9780511525421 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 118

Author(s):

D. H. Jennings

Keyword(s):

Fungal Nutrition

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Fungal nutrition and physiology

Physiological Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/0048-4059(85)90036-0 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

J.W. Mansfield

Keyword(s):

Fungal Nutrition

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Protocorm-Supporting Fungi Are Retained in Roots of Mature Tipularia discolor Orchids as Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Increases

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061251 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1251

Author(s):

Melissa McCormick ◽

Robert Burnett ◽

Dennis Whigham

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Fungal Diversity ◽

Sanger Sequencing ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Ontogenetic Changes ◽

Terrestrial Orchid ◽

Fungal Nutrition ◽

Growth And Reproduction

Mycorrhizal fungi are critical to understanding the distribution patterns of many plants, but they are especially important for orchids. Some orchids may change the mycorrhizal fungi they use through their lives, either in response to changes in abiotic or biotic conditions, or as a result of ontogenetic changes that alter the orchid’s need for fungal nutrition. The temperate terrestrial orchid Tipularia discolor germinates only on decomposing wood, but often persists well after the wood has completely decomposed and has been incorporated into the soil. We used PCR and Sanger sequencing to ask: (1) Do mature T. discolor retain protocorm fungi or are protocorm and adult mycorrhizal fungi mutually exclusive? (2) Are protocorm fungi limited to areas with decomposing wood? (3) Does the abundance of protocorm fungi in the substrate differ between decomposing wood and bare soil? We found that T. discolor retained protocorm fungi into maturity, regardless of whether they were growing in persistent decomposing wood or soil. Protocorm fungi were not restricted to decomposing wood but were more common and abundant in it. We conclude that the mycorrhizal fungi associated with T. discolor change during the ontogeny of individuals. These results highlight the importance of assessing protocorm fungi, in addition to mycorrhizal fungi associating with adult orchids, to understand the conditions needed for orchid germination, growth, and reproduction.

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